2015 Vol. 33, No. 1
Display Method:
2015, 33(1): 1-4,8.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.001
Abstract:
Mitochondria are the main places of cellular respiration as well as the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.It plays an important role in controlling the life and death of cells.Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a series of human diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury,sepsis and diabetes.Mitochondrial become an attractive target for drug transporters strategy and therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration.Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria mediated disease processes are not fully elucidated yet,the oxidative stress appears to be critical.Accordingly,strategies are being developed for the targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria.The prospect of development of mitochondrial targeted drugs with anti-oxidative stress protection is tempting.Mitochondrial targeting antioxidants were the antioxidant drugs which took mitochondria as the target site.In this review,weintroduced the conception and classification of mitochondrial targeted antioxidants and the research progress of disease treatment by mitochondrial targeted antioxidants.
Mitochondria are the main places of cellular respiration as well as the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.It plays an important role in controlling the life and death of cells.Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a series of human diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury,sepsis and diabetes.Mitochondrial become an attractive target for drug transporters strategy and therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration.Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria mediated disease processes are not fully elucidated yet,the oxidative stress appears to be critical.Accordingly,strategies are being developed for the targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria.The prospect of development of mitochondrial targeted drugs with anti-oxidative stress protection is tempting.Mitochondrial targeting antioxidants were the antioxidant drugs which took mitochondria as the target site.In this review,weintroduced the conception and classification of mitochondrial targeted antioxidants and the research progress of disease treatment by mitochondrial targeted antioxidants.
2015, 33(1): 5-8.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.002
Abstract:
This review made a brief summary of several pharmacokinetic methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription including the methods of biological effects,plasma concentration,integrated Pharmacokinetics of multiple effective components of TCM prescription and integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic of TCM prescription.The corresponding characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods were analyzed.And the progresses of the pharmacokinetic methods of TCM prescription were concluded and prospected.
This review made a brief summary of several pharmacokinetic methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription including the methods of biological effects,plasma concentration,integrated Pharmacokinetics of multiple effective components of TCM prescription and integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic of TCM prescription.The corresponding characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods were analyzed.And the progresses of the pharmacokinetic methods of TCM prescription were concluded and prospected.
2015, 33(1): 9-12,16.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.003
Abstract:
The delivery of therapeutical agents for brain tumors' treatment is enormously prevented by the presence of blood-brain barrier.Nano-carriers such as nano-particles,liposomes and micelles can significantly increase the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier.The dual-targeting nano-carriers modified by one or two functional groups can further increase the brain delivery of drugs as well as their accumulation in brain tumors,resulting in significant improvement in the diagnosis and therapy of brain tumors.This article mainly focused on the recent development of strategies and functional groups of dual-targeting nano-carriers,providing a reference for relevant investigations.
The delivery of therapeutical agents for brain tumors' treatment is enormously prevented by the presence of blood-brain barrier.Nano-carriers such as nano-particles,liposomes and micelles can significantly increase the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier.The dual-targeting nano-carriers modified by one or two functional groups can further increase the brain delivery of drugs as well as their accumulation in brain tumors,resulting in significant improvement in the diagnosis and therapy of brain tumors.This article mainly focused on the recent development of strategies and functional groups of dual-targeting nano-carriers,providing a reference for relevant investigations.
2015, 33(1): 13-16.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Objective To summarize the advantage and application of evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD) for the analysis of natural drugs. Methods The application of ELSD in natural medicine analysis was reviewed in the article. Results ELSD in analysis of natural drugs,natural drugs quality standards research,fingerprint,multi-spectrum combination technology and high-throughput screening had been widely applied. Conclusion Evaporative light scattering detector had a broad application prospect.
Objective To summarize the advantage and application of evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD) for the analysis of natural drugs. Methods The application of ELSD in natural medicine analysis was reviewed in the article. Results ELSD in analysis of natural drugs,natural drugs quality standards research,fingerprint,multi-spectrum combination technology and high-throughput screening had been widely applied. Conclusion Evaporative light scattering detector had a broad application prospect.
2015, 33(1): 17-19,27.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.005
Abstract:
Monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor(MLIF)was an anti-inflammatory pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica.In vivo and in vitro study showed that MLIF displayed anti-inflammatory and immune protection effects and MLIF had protective effects on rheumatoid arthritis,nerve injury,myocardial ischemia,cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease.Studies had shown that MLIF regulated inflammatory response and immune protection through NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways.The sources and biological activities of MLIF were reviewed in this paper.
Monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor(MLIF)was an anti-inflammatory pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica.In vivo and in vitro study showed that MLIF displayed anti-inflammatory and immune protection effects and MLIF had protective effects on rheumatoid arthritis,nerve injury,myocardial ischemia,cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease.Studies had shown that MLIF regulated inflammatory response and immune protection through NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways.The sources and biological activities of MLIF were reviewed in this paper.
2015, 33(1): 20-27.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.006
Abstract:
Inflammation is the defense response of the living tissues possessing vascular system to stimulations of various injury factors,which plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of many major diseases.Drugs used to treat inflammation in the clinical mainly include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) and traditional Chinese medicine.As synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs used in clinical currently have obvious adverse reactions,more and more attention were paid to seek anti-inflammatory drugs from natural medicines.Reviews reported before mainly focus on anti-inflammation mechanism of natural medicine,however,there are few reports on the summary of anti-inflammatory natural products.Active natural products which were reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects in recent years were summarized in order to provide information for further study of anti-inflammatory drugs research.
Inflammation is the defense response of the living tissues possessing vascular system to stimulations of various injury factors,which plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of many major diseases.Drugs used to treat inflammation in the clinical mainly include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) and traditional Chinese medicine.As synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs used in clinical currently have obvious adverse reactions,more and more attention were paid to seek anti-inflammatory drugs from natural medicines.Reviews reported before mainly focus on anti-inflammation mechanism of natural medicine,however,there are few reports on the summary of anti-inflammatory natural products.Active natural products which were reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects in recent years were summarized in order to provide information for further study of anti-inflammatory drugs research.
2015, 33(1): 28-31,35.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.007
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Thesium chinensis Turcz extracts on IgA nephropathy (IgAN) rats. Methods The hot water extracted solution of Thesium chinensis Turcz flow through the AB-8 macroreticular resin column repeatedly,then being eluted with different contents of ethanol to get four part of extract.The IgAN model of SD rats were established by oral intake of bovine serum albumin(BSA,400 mg/kg) together with injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and CCl4.Beginning with 8th week,the positive group(LGT,10 mg/kg),water extract group(TT,1.0 g/kg),water soluble group(TTW,0.4 g/kg),high polarity group(TT20,0.4 g/kg) and medium polarity group(TT50,0.4 g/kg) rats were intragastric administrated drug daily,the normal group control and model control group rats were given with saline(n=8).During the next 5 weeks treatment process,the 24 h urine volume,24 h urine protein concentration,and quantity of erythrocyte in urine were observed.The levels of TP,ALP,ALT,AST,Scr and BUN in serum were determined.The expression of IgA deposition was measured by immunofluorescence staining,and the pathological changes of kidney tissue were assayed after the therapy process. Results After 5 weeks therapy,the 24 h urine protein concentration,the quantity of erythrocyte in urine,and the level of Scr and BUN of TT and TT50 groups were significantly lower than model control.The fluorescence intensities in the mesangial area were weaker than model control.Also,the degrees of renal capsule expansion and mesangial matrix proliferations,and the kidney tubules damage of TT and TT50 groups were weaker than those of model control. Conclusion The water extract and its medium polarity fraction of Thesium chinensis Turcz show good therapeutic effects on IgAN rats.
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Thesium chinensis Turcz extracts on IgA nephropathy (IgAN) rats. Methods The hot water extracted solution of Thesium chinensis Turcz flow through the AB-8 macroreticular resin column repeatedly,then being eluted with different contents of ethanol to get four part of extract.The IgAN model of SD rats were established by oral intake of bovine serum albumin(BSA,400 mg/kg) together with injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and CCl4.Beginning with 8th week,the positive group(LGT,10 mg/kg),water extract group(TT,1.0 g/kg),water soluble group(TTW,0.4 g/kg),high polarity group(TT20,0.4 g/kg) and medium polarity group(TT50,0.4 g/kg) rats were intragastric administrated drug daily,the normal group control and model control group rats were given with saline(n=8).During the next 5 weeks treatment process,the 24 h urine volume,24 h urine protein concentration,and quantity of erythrocyte in urine were observed.The levels of TP,ALP,ALT,AST,Scr and BUN in serum were determined.The expression of IgA deposition was measured by immunofluorescence staining,and the pathological changes of kidney tissue were assayed after the therapy process. Results After 5 weeks therapy,the 24 h urine protein concentration,the quantity of erythrocyte in urine,and the level of Scr and BUN of TT and TT50 groups were significantly lower than model control.The fluorescence intensities in the mesangial area were weaker than model control.Also,the degrees of renal capsule expansion and mesangial matrix proliferations,and the kidney tubules damage of TT and TT50 groups were weaker than those of model control. Conclusion The water extract and its medium polarity fraction of Thesium chinensis Turcz show good therapeutic effects on IgAN rats.
2015, 33(1): 32-35.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.008
Abstract:
Objective To study the bioequivalence of two kinds of levetiracetam extended-release tables including the reference product of Keppra XR in Beagle dogs. Methods Dogs were administrated orally with single dose of levetiracetam tablets (1 000 mg).The concentration of levetiracetam in dog plasma was detected by LC-MS/MS.All parameters of pharmacokinetics were performed by WinNonlin 5.2 software. Results Main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference tablets were as follow:tmax were 1.67 h and 3.0 h,Cmax were 89.50 μg/ml and 71.18 μg/ml,t1/2 were 3.68 h and 3.50 h,AUC(0-48) were 826.57 μg·h/ml and 757.84 μg·h/ml,AUC(0-∞) were 826.68 μg·h/ml and 757.93 μg·h/ml.The relative bioavailability of test tablets was 109.07% to reference products of Keppra XR. Conclusion Therefore,the two kinds of levetiracetam extended-release tablets were bioequivalent in Beagle dogs.
Objective To study the bioequivalence of two kinds of levetiracetam extended-release tables including the reference product of Keppra XR in Beagle dogs. Methods Dogs were administrated orally with single dose of levetiracetam tablets (1 000 mg).The concentration of levetiracetam in dog plasma was detected by LC-MS/MS.All parameters of pharmacokinetics were performed by WinNonlin 5.2 software. Results Main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference tablets were as follow:tmax were 1.67 h and 3.0 h,Cmax were 89.50 μg/ml and 71.18 μg/ml,t1/2 were 3.68 h and 3.50 h,AUC(0-48) were 826.57 μg·h/ml and 757.84 μg·h/ml,AUC(0-∞) were 826.68 μg·h/ml and 757.93 μg·h/ml.The relative bioavailability of test tablets was 109.07% to reference products of Keppra XR. Conclusion Therefore,the two kinds of levetiracetam extended-release tablets were bioequivalent in Beagle dogs.
2015, 33(1): 36-39,43.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.009
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Objective To prepare and characterize salinomycin sodium-loaded nano liposomes(SLN). Methods The nano liposomes were prepared by a thin-film dispersion method.The formula of SLN was optimized by regulating the cholesterol ratio of the nano liposomes,using the encapsulation efficacy (EE) of SLN as the primary outcome measure. Results Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that SLN was round and had a good dispersion.Dynamic laser scatter (DLS) showed that SLN was of a desired size of 99 nm,and zeta potential of -33.5 mV.EE of SLN was 85.7% and drug loading of 6.7%.According to the formulation of nano liposomes,the concentration of salinomycin sodium in water was greatly improved by 15 folds.Additionally,the nano liposomes were observed to exhibit sustained release characteristics. Conclusion Salinomycin sodium-loaded nanoliposomes of a desired size of about 100 nm were obtained,which were well dispersion,and high EE and drug loading.Solid pharmaceutics foundation for the activity examination of SLN was provided in this research.
Objective To prepare and characterize salinomycin sodium-loaded nano liposomes(SLN). Methods The nano liposomes were prepared by a thin-film dispersion method.The formula of SLN was optimized by regulating the cholesterol ratio of the nano liposomes,using the encapsulation efficacy (EE) of SLN as the primary outcome measure. Results Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that SLN was round and had a good dispersion.Dynamic laser scatter (DLS) showed that SLN was of a desired size of 99 nm,and zeta potential of -33.5 mV.EE of SLN was 85.7% and drug loading of 6.7%.According to the formulation of nano liposomes,the concentration of salinomycin sodium in water was greatly improved by 15 folds.Additionally,the nano liposomes were observed to exhibit sustained release characteristics. Conclusion Salinomycin sodium-loaded nanoliposomes of a desired size of about 100 nm were obtained,which were well dispersion,and high EE and drug loading.Solid pharmaceutics foundation for the activity examination of SLN was provided in this research.
2015, 33(1): 40-43.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.010
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Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of related substances of risedronate sodium tablets. Methods The C18 column,5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm,the buffer solution (3.22 g tetrabutyl ammonium bromide was added to a buffer solution of 1 000 ml 0.05 mol/L ammonium chloride,then adjusted pH to 7.8±0.05 by ammonia)-methanol-acetonitrile =250:50:25 as mobile phase,column temperature:room temperature,flow rate:1.0 ml/min,detection length:254 nm. Results Determined by HPLC at high temperature,acid,alkali degradation,the main peak and the impurity peaks were separated well,and the peaks had a linear relationship,Y=1.28×107X-1.62×105 (r=0.999 9). Conclusion The method was rapid,simple,accurate and sensitive,and suitable for determination of risedronate sodium tablets related substances.
Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of related substances of risedronate sodium tablets. Methods The C18 column,5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm,the buffer solution (3.22 g tetrabutyl ammonium bromide was added to a buffer solution of 1 000 ml 0.05 mol/L ammonium chloride,then adjusted pH to 7.8±0.05 by ammonia)-methanol-acetonitrile =250:50:25 as mobile phase,column temperature:room temperature,flow rate:1.0 ml/min,detection length:254 nm. Results Determined by HPLC at high temperature,acid,alkali degradation,the main peak and the impurity peaks were separated well,and the peaks had a linear relationship,Y=1.28×107X-1.62×105 (r=0.999 9). Conclusion The method was rapid,simple,accurate and sensitive,and suitable for determination of risedronate sodium tablets related substances.
2015, 33(1): 44-48.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.011
Abstract:
Objective To construct an active targeting drug delivery system- polymer vesicles(PVs),and examined the cellular uptake. Methods Maleimide-polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(MAL-PEG-PLGA)was used as carrier materials to prepare PVs by self-assembling.And then PVs was modified by Tf and Tet-1(Tf/Tet-1-PVs).To evaluate its active targeting,coumarin-6 was used as a fluorescent probe to analyze cellular uptake of PVs for both BCEC and Neuro-2a cells. Results PVs was about 80 nm with rounded shape and had obvious film structure.Tf/Tet-1-PVs exhibited a significant role in promoting cellular uptake for both BCEC and Neuro-2a cells compared with control and single ligand-modified group. Conclusion PVs modified with dual ligands could promote the cell uptake for both brain capillary cells and nerve cells.
Objective To construct an active targeting drug delivery system- polymer vesicles(PVs),and examined the cellular uptake. Methods Maleimide-polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(MAL-PEG-PLGA)was used as carrier materials to prepare PVs by self-assembling.And then PVs was modified by Tf and Tet-1(Tf/Tet-1-PVs).To evaluate its active targeting,coumarin-6 was used as a fluorescent probe to analyze cellular uptake of PVs for both BCEC and Neuro-2a cells. Results PVs was about 80 nm with rounded shape and had obvious film structure.Tf/Tet-1-PVs exhibited a significant role in promoting cellular uptake for both BCEC and Neuro-2a cells compared with control and single ligand-modified group. Conclusion PVs modified with dual ligands could promote the cell uptake for both brain capillary cells and nerve cells.
2015, 33(1): 49-52,71.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.012
Abstract:
Objective To analyze chemical constituents of Xionggui Decotion by rapid-resolution (high performance) liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Methods A Shelloseido column(100 mm×3.0 mm,3 μm)was used to separate.The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% methane acid and acetonitrile was used as gradient elute.The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min.TOF-MS was applied for qualitative analysis under positive ion mode. Results Under LC/MS condition,47 major constituents in Xionggui Decotion were identified by time of flight mass spectrometry and structure-relevant fragment ions. Conclusion A simple and reliable method using HPLC-TOF-MS was established to identify the chemical constituents of Xionggui Decotion.
Objective To analyze chemical constituents of Xionggui Decotion by rapid-resolution (high performance) liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Methods A Shelloseido column(100 mm×3.0 mm,3 μm)was used to separate.The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% methane acid and acetonitrile was used as gradient elute.The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min.TOF-MS was applied for qualitative analysis under positive ion mode. Results Under LC/MS condition,47 major constituents in Xionggui Decotion were identified by time of flight mass spectrometry and structure-relevant fragment ions. Conclusion A simple and reliable method using HPLC-TOF-MS was established to identify the chemical constituents of Xionggui Decotion.
2015, 33(1): 53-54,57.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.013
Abstract:
Objective To explore method for determination of calycosin contents in Wujin capsule by HPLC. Methods The sample was studied on ZORBA Bonus-RP (4.6 mm×260 mm,5 μm) column,the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and H2O-0.1% HCOOH (gradient elution),the temperature of column was 25℃,the UV detection wavelength was set at 260 nm,flow speed was 1.0 ml/min and injection volume was 10 μl. Results The calycosin calibration curve was at the range of 7.4-117.6 μg/ml (r=1.000),with their regression function being Y=34.002 X-3.451 2.The recovery of calycosin was 95.24% (RSD=2.10%).6 batches of Wujin capsule calycosin contents were 9.26-23.14 μg/g. Conclusion HPLC was an accuracy and simple method for determining the content of calycosin in Wujin capsule.
Objective To explore method for determination of calycosin contents in Wujin capsule by HPLC. Methods The sample was studied on ZORBA Bonus-RP (4.6 mm×260 mm,5 μm) column,the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and H2O-0.1% HCOOH (gradient elution),the temperature of column was 25℃,the UV detection wavelength was set at 260 nm,flow speed was 1.0 ml/min and injection volume was 10 μl. Results The calycosin calibration curve was at the range of 7.4-117.6 μg/ml (r=1.000),with their regression function being Y=34.002 X-3.451 2.The recovery of calycosin was 95.24% (RSD=2.10%).6 batches of Wujin capsule calycosin contents were 9.26-23.14 μg/g. Conclusion HPLC was an accuracy and simple method for determining the content of calycosin in Wujin capsule.
2015, 33(1): 55-57.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.014
Abstract:
Objective To establish the quantitative determination method of dexamethasone acetate in Kelaweiding liniment by HPLC. Methods Column:Diamonsil-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase:methanol-water-glacialaceticacid (80:20:0.5),flow rate:1.0 ml/min,UV detection wavelength:240 nm,injection volume :20 μl,column temperature:30℃. Results The standard curve was linear within the range of 2.00-64.00 μg/ml,linear equation was Y=0.405 2X+0.804 2(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 99.3% with RSD 0.93% (n=9). Conclusion This method was simple,stable and could be used to assay dexamethasone acetate in Kelaweiding liniment.
Objective To establish the quantitative determination method of dexamethasone acetate in Kelaweiding liniment by HPLC. Methods Column:Diamonsil-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase:methanol-water-glacialaceticacid (80:20:0.5),flow rate:1.0 ml/min,UV detection wavelength:240 nm,injection volume :20 μl,column temperature:30℃. Results The standard curve was linear within the range of 2.00-64.00 μg/ml,linear equation was Y=0.405 2X+0.804 2(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 99.3% with RSD 0.93% (n=9). Conclusion This method was simple,stable and could be used to assay dexamethasone acetate in Kelaweiding liniment.
2015, 33(1): 58-59,82.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.015
Abstract:
Objective To establish an HPLC method for assay determination of fluoxetine hydrochloride. Methods Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8 (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) was used,mobile phase was tetrahydrofuran-methanol-triethylamine buffer (to 10 ml of triethylamine in a 1 000 ml flask,added 980 ml of water,pH was adjust to 6.0 by phosphoric acid) (30:10:60),flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 227 nm,injection volume was 10 μl,column temperature was 25℃. Results Linearity range was 55.17-165.51 μg/ml (r=0.999 9),minimum detection limit was 0.15 μg/ml,accuracy was between 99.9%-100.0%,repeatability RSD was 0.1% (n=6). Conclusion The method was accurate and reliable,which could be applied for quality control of fluoxetine hydrochloride.
Objective To establish an HPLC method for assay determination of fluoxetine hydrochloride. Methods Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8 (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) was used,mobile phase was tetrahydrofuran-methanol-triethylamine buffer (to 10 ml of triethylamine in a 1 000 ml flask,added 980 ml of water,pH was adjust to 6.0 by phosphoric acid) (30:10:60),flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 227 nm,injection volume was 10 μl,column temperature was 25℃. Results Linearity range was 55.17-165.51 μg/ml (r=0.999 9),minimum detection limit was 0.15 μg/ml,accuracy was between 99.9%-100.0%,repeatability RSD was 0.1% (n=6). Conclusion The method was accurate and reliable,which could be applied for quality control of fluoxetine hydrochloride.
2015, 33(1): 60-62.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.016
Abstract:
Objective To optimize the preparation technology of compound Chuanxiong dropping pills. Methods Ratio of intermediate material to matrix,dripping temperature and condensate temperature were used as factors,with spherical degree,pill weight variatcon,dissolve time limit coefficient and appearance quality as indexes,the forming technology of compound Chuanxiong dropping pill was optimized by orthogonal test.The dropping preparation technology was optimized using dropping distance,dropping speed as factors. Results The optimal preparation conditions were as follows:ratio of intermediate material to matrix was 1:2,dropping temperature was 80℃,temperature of condensate was 15-20℃,dropping distance was 5 cm,dropping speed was 40 drops/min. Conclusion The preparation technology was reasonable,simple and easy to control for the preparation of compound Chuanxiong dropping pills.
Objective To optimize the preparation technology of compound Chuanxiong dropping pills. Methods Ratio of intermediate material to matrix,dripping temperature and condensate temperature were used as factors,with spherical degree,pill weight variatcon,dissolve time limit coefficient and appearance quality as indexes,the forming technology of compound Chuanxiong dropping pill was optimized by orthogonal test.The dropping preparation technology was optimized using dropping distance,dropping speed as factors. Results The optimal preparation conditions were as follows:ratio of intermediate material to matrix was 1:2,dropping temperature was 80℃,temperature of condensate was 15-20℃,dropping distance was 5 cm,dropping speed was 40 drops/min. Conclusion The preparation technology was reasonable,simple and easy to control for the preparation of compound Chuanxiong dropping pills.
2015, 33(1): 63-64,93.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.017
Abstract:
Objective To study the stability of sodium nitroprusside for injection in 5% glucose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection,and provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods The content of sodium nitroprusside for injection in different dissolvants(5% glueose,sodium chloride injection) within 26 h was determined by HPLC.The change of micro particle was measured by light blockage method in accordance with China pharmacopeia(2010 edition),and the appearance and UV visible absorption spectroscopy and pH, the osmotic pressure of the mixtures were observed as well. Results The changes in appearnace,UV visible absorption spectroscopy,pH value,content and microparticle were not significant. Conclusion Sodium nitroprusside for injection were stable within 26 h after mixing with different dissolvants (5%glueose,sodium chloride injection).
Objective To study the stability of sodium nitroprusside for injection in 5% glucose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection,and provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods The content of sodium nitroprusside for injection in different dissolvants(5% glueose,sodium chloride injection) within 26 h was determined by HPLC.The change of micro particle was measured by light blockage method in accordance with China pharmacopeia(2010 edition),and the appearance and UV visible absorption spectroscopy and pH, the osmotic pressure of the mixtures were observed as well. Results The changes in appearnace,UV visible absorption spectroscopy,pH value,content and microparticle were not significant. Conclusion Sodium nitroprusside for injection were stable within 26 h after mixing with different dissolvants (5%glueose,sodium chloride injection).
2015, 33(1): 65-67.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.018
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the occurrence rate of gastrointestinal and pulmonary infection and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)in severe craniocerebral injuries in my hospital using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs),discuss the right way to use PPIs for severe craniocerebral injuries. Methods The case histories of 141 severe craniocerebral injuries in my hospital from 2011 to 2012 were looked up,and divided into three groups as follows:the group that never used PPIs(17 cases),the group that used PPIs for a long time (59 cases),and the group that used PPIs for a short time (65 cases),and the risks of getting infected using PPIs were analyzed in those three groups above. Results The patients in PPIs group had a higher risk of gastrointestinal tract infection and HAP,especially who were treated with PPIs more than 9 days.Adjusted by GCS score,using PPIs for a long time was a risk factor in different multivariate logistic. Conclusion Using PPIs for a long time might be a risk factor of gastrointestinal tract infection andHAP.Therefore,apart from considering the state of illness,more attention should be paid to the using time when use PPIs.
Objective To analyze the occurrence rate of gastrointestinal and pulmonary infection and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)in severe craniocerebral injuries in my hospital using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs),discuss the right way to use PPIs for severe craniocerebral injuries. Methods The case histories of 141 severe craniocerebral injuries in my hospital from 2011 to 2012 were looked up,and divided into three groups as follows:the group that never used PPIs(17 cases),the group that used PPIs for a long time (59 cases),and the group that used PPIs for a short time (65 cases),and the risks of getting infected using PPIs were analyzed in those three groups above. Results The patients in PPIs group had a higher risk of gastrointestinal tract infection and HAP,especially who were treated with PPIs more than 9 days.Adjusted by GCS score,using PPIs for a long time was a risk factor in different multivariate logistic. Conclusion Using PPIs for a long time might be a risk factor of gastrointestinal tract infection andHAP.Therefore,apart from considering the state of illness,more attention should be paid to the using time when use PPIs.
2015, 33(1): 68-71.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.019
Abstract:
Objective To report experience on pharmaceutical care in a renal transplantation recipient with herpes zoster. Methods The methods and measures of pharmaceutical care of a renal transplantation recipient with herpes zoster were retrospectively summarized. Results A safety, effectiveness, rationality of medication were significantly increased by pharmaceutical care in renal transplantation patient's with herpes zoster and the patient's quality of life was improved. Conclusion Pharmaceutical care was necessary and valuable to renal transplantation recipients with herpes zoster.
Objective To report experience on pharmaceutical care in a renal transplantation recipient with herpes zoster. Methods The methods and measures of pharmaceutical care of a renal transplantation recipient with herpes zoster were retrospectively summarized. Results A safety, effectiveness, rationality of medication were significantly increased by pharmaceutical care in renal transplantation patient's with herpes zoster and the patient's quality of life was improved. Conclusion Pharmaceutical care was necessary and valuable to renal transplantation recipients with herpes zoster.
2015, 33(1): 72-72,87.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.020
Abstract:
Objective To observe adverse reactions of the subcutaneous etanercept with different injection site. Methods 60 patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated in our hospital from March 2012 to March 2013 were divided randomly into two groups.A group were injected deltoid subcutaneous,and B group were injected abdominal subcutaneous.The local adverse skin reactions were compared between the two groups. Results 10 cases occurred adverse reactions from A group,and only 1case occurred adverse reactions from group B.The incidence of adverse reactions of injected subcutaneously significantly lower than deltoid subcutaneous (P<0.05). Conclusion Abdominal subcutaneous etanercept could reduces the incidence of adverse reactions,which was worthy of clinical application.
Objective To observe adverse reactions of the subcutaneous etanercept with different injection site. Methods 60 patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated in our hospital from March 2012 to March 2013 were divided randomly into two groups.A group were injected deltoid subcutaneous,and B group were injected abdominal subcutaneous.The local adverse skin reactions were compared between the two groups. Results 10 cases occurred adverse reactions from A group,and only 1case occurred adverse reactions from group B.The incidence of adverse reactions of injected subcutaneously significantly lower than deltoid subcutaneous (P<0.05). Conclusion Abdominal subcutaneous etanercept could reduces the incidence of adverse reactions,which was worthy of clinical application.
2015, 33(1): 73-75.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.021
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the rationality of prophylactic use of anti-bacterial in 251 type Ⅰ incision operations. Methods The anti-bacterial use of 251 type Ⅰ incision operations sampled randomly from May 2012 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The prophylactic antibiotics rate was 98.41% in the 251 cases of the type Ⅰ incision;among the 247 cases used anti-bacterial,the utility rate of first generation cephalosporin antibiotic was 28.57% after surgery and the rate of prophylactic antibiotic use within 0.5-2 h before operation was 61.94%.14.17% of antibiotic treatment was finished within 48 h after surgical operation. Conclusion There was the unreasonable situation in the prophylactic use of anti-bacterial, which need to be improved.
Objective To investigate the rationality of prophylactic use of anti-bacterial in 251 type Ⅰ incision operations. Methods The anti-bacterial use of 251 type Ⅰ incision operations sampled randomly from May 2012 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The prophylactic antibiotics rate was 98.41% in the 251 cases of the type Ⅰ incision;among the 247 cases used anti-bacterial,the utility rate of first generation cephalosporin antibiotic was 28.57% after surgery and the rate of prophylactic antibiotic use within 0.5-2 h before operation was 61.94%.14.17% of antibiotic treatment was finished within 48 h after surgical operation. Conclusion There was the unreasonable situation in the prophylactic use of anti-bacterial, which need to be improved.
2015, 33(1): 76-79.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.022
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the utility of antibiotics in elderly patients of respiratory department in No.210 Hospital of PLA,and to understand the rational use of antibiotics in respiratory department. Methods A total of 534 patients >60 in respiratory department of our hospital from September to December in 2011 were randomly selected.The usage rate of antibiotics,the types that used,dosing routes and so on were recorded and analyzed.Some rational suggestions were discussed put forward. Results 1 The usage rate of antibiotics was 97%.2 A total of 21 kinds of antibiotics had been used.The types of drugs are Amp C,levofloxacin,β-lactamase inhibitors,nitromidazoles,aminoglycoside,antifungals,MALS,lincomycin.The percentage rate of the top three antibiotics were 59.97%,17.30% and 7.58%.3 There were some problems in the usage of antibiotics,such as no indication of medicine,high use rate of antibiotics,improper variety selection,dosing routes and drug intervals,irrational use of drugs combinations. Conclusion The application rate of antibiotics was 97%,there was some illegitimate phenomenon in the use of antibiotics.Some attentions should be paid to the rational use of antibiotics in elderly patients,and to raise the rational use rate of antibiotics.
Objective To investigate the utility of antibiotics in elderly patients of respiratory department in No.210 Hospital of PLA,and to understand the rational use of antibiotics in respiratory department. Methods A total of 534 patients >60 in respiratory department of our hospital from September to December in 2011 were randomly selected.The usage rate of antibiotics,the types that used,dosing routes and so on were recorded and analyzed.Some rational suggestions were discussed put forward. Results 1 The usage rate of antibiotics was 97%.2 A total of 21 kinds of antibiotics had been used.The types of drugs are Amp C,levofloxacin,β-lactamase inhibitors,nitromidazoles,aminoglycoside,antifungals,MALS,lincomycin.The percentage rate of the top three antibiotics were 59.97%,17.30% and 7.58%.3 There were some problems in the usage of antibiotics,such as no indication of medicine,high use rate of antibiotics,improper variety selection,dosing routes and drug intervals,irrational use of drugs combinations. Conclusion The application rate of antibiotics was 97%,there was some illegitimate phenomenon in the use of antibiotics.Some attentions should be paid to the rational use of antibiotics in elderly patients,and to raise the rational use rate of antibiotics.
2015, 33(1): 80-82.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.023
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate two treatment schemes of liver protection and choose the optimal radiotherapy using pharmacoeconomics principle and methods. Methods In-patients who were diagnosed as decompensated cirrhosis patients and simultaneously conformed to the Chlid-Pugh graduation of level B-C during 2010-2012 were chosen.The chosen patients were divided into A,B and C group separately,and were treated with the compound prescription of dichloro acetic acid two isopropyl amine inoculation fluid,the polyene phosphatide acid radical choline inoculation fluid,and the compound prescription dichloro acetic acid two isopropyl amine inoculation fluid and the polyene phosphatide acid radical choline inoculation fluid.Cost effectiveness analysis was done between group B and C. Results Treatment time of group B and C was (15.5±8.55) d and (12.13±7.61) d respectively.The total effectiveness was 50% and 60% respectively and the difference was with non-statistics significance (P>0.05).The total cost was (1 640.52±905.26) yuan and (2 576.51±1 615.99) yuan respectively. Conclusion Group B was the better treatment scheme.
Objective To evaluate two treatment schemes of liver protection and choose the optimal radiotherapy using pharmacoeconomics principle and methods. Methods In-patients who were diagnosed as decompensated cirrhosis patients and simultaneously conformed to the Chlid-Pugh graduation of level B-C during 2010-2012 were chosen.The chosen patients were divided into A,B and C group separately,and were treated with the compound prescription of dichloro acetic acid two isopropyl amine inoculation fluid,the polyene phosphatide acid radical choline inoculation fluid,and the compound prescription dichloro acetic acid two isopropyl amine inoculation fluid and the polyene phosphatide acid radical choline inoculation fluid.Cost effectiveness analysis was done between group B and C. Results Treatment time of group B and C was (15.5±8.55) d and (12.13±7.61) d respectively.The total effectiveness was 50% and 60% respectively and the difference was with non-statistics significance (P>0.05).The total cost was (1 640.52±905.26) yuan and (2 576.51±1 615.99) yuan respectively. Conclusion Group B was the better treatment scheme.
2015, 33(1): 83-87.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.024
Abstract:
Objective To assess the effectiveness of western routine treatments combined with Tongxinluo capsule for angina pectoris. Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of western routine treatments combined with tongxinluo capsule for angina pectoris were collected through searching on computer from the following databases,CNKI(2000-2011),WanFang Data(2000-2011),WeiPu Data(2000-2011),PubMed(2000-2011) and manual search relevant journals,conference papers. Results A total of 11 studies were included and improvement rate of abnormal ECG were estimated in 9 studies and improvement rate of symptoms of angina were estimated in 11 studies.ECG clinical evaluation of the treatment group relative to the control group,relative risk (RR) value was 1.40 (95% CI:1.28-1.54),P<0.01,symptoms of angina clinical evaluation,treatment group relative to the control group RR value of 1.25 (95% CI:1.18-1.32),P<0.01.Only slight gastrointestinal discomfort were found in treatment group. Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule in combination on the basis of conventional western treatment could effectively improve the clinical efficacy and drug safety.
Objective To assess the effectiveness of western routine treatments combined with Tongxinluo capsule for angina pectoris. Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of western routine treatments combined with tongxinluo capsule for angina pectoris were collected through searching on computer from the following databases,CNKI(2000-2011),WanFang Data(2000-2011),WeiPu Data(2000-2011),PubMed(2000-2011) and manual search relevant journals,conference papers. Results A total of 11 studies were included and improvement rate of abnormal ECG were estimated in 9 studies and improvement rate of symptoms of angina were estimated in 11 studies.ECG clinical evaluation of the treatment group relative to the control group,relative risk (RR) value was 1.40 (95% CI:1.28-1.54),P<0.01,symptoms of angina clinical evaluation,treatment group relative to the control group RR value of 1.25 (95% CI:1.18-1.32),P<0.01.Only slight gastrointestinal discomfort were found in treatment group. Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule in combination on the basis of conventional western treatment could effectively improve the clinical efficacy and drug safety.
2015, 33(1): 88-90.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.025
Abstract:
Objective To discuss the important role of clinical pharmacists in medication reconciliation through the practice of clinical pharmacists of nephrology department. Methods The medication reconciliation serviced for the patients newly admitted to nephrology department was carried out through the way of interrogation.The difference and the causes between the results of pharmacist's interrogation and the doctors' were analyzed. Results 20 patients were enrolled.The quantity was not consistent with what hospital doctor's advice rate (60%),drugs produced in different areas (55%),different producing areas pharmacist had higher accuracy. Conclusion It had certain effect on medication management and could reduce the ADR.Clinical pharmacists and doctors should pay more attention on the medication reconciliation,strengthen the ability of interrogation to improve patient compliance and establish a complete medication reconciliation system.
Objective To discuss the important role of clinical pharmacists in medication reconciliation through the practice of clinical pharmacists of nephrology department. Methods The medication reconciliation serviced for the patients newly admitted to nephrology department was carried out through the way of interrogation.The difference and the causes between the results of pharmacist's interrogation and the doctors' were analyzed. Results 20 patients were enrolled.The quantity was not consistent with what hospital doctor's advice rate (60%),drugs produced in different areas (55%),different producing areas pharmacist had higher accuracy. Conclusion It had certain effect on medication management and could reduce the ADR.Clinical pharmacists and doctors should pay more attention on the medication reconciliation,strengthen the ability of interrogation to improve patient compliance and establish a complete medication reconciliation system.
2015, 33(1): 91-93.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.01.026
Abstract:
Objective To contrast the different specialties of clinical pharmacists in internal medicine and surgery and guide the direction for clinical pharmacists to work deeply. Methods The clinical pharmacist's work records were reviewed and summarized in our hospital from 2013 January to June. Results The clinical pharmacist solved problems in 449 cases (medicine 293 cases,surgical 156 cases).Main works in internal medicine were medication consultation and education.Main works in surgery were irrational drug intervention,medication adjustment etc. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should strengthen professional pharmaceutical knowledge.It should be formulated the service direction by the characteristics of different departments.
Objective To contrast the different specialties of clinical pharmacists in internal medicine and surgery and guide the direction for clinical pharmacists to work deeply. Methods The clinical pharmacist's work records were reviewed and summarized in our hospital from 2013 January to June. Results The clinical pharmacist solved problems in 449 cases (medicine 293 cases,surgical 156 cases).Main works in internal medicine were medication consultation and education.Main works in surgery were irrational drug intervention,medication adjustment etc. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should strengthen professional pharmaceutical knowledge.It should be formulated the service direction by the characteristics of different departments.
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