2015 Vol. 33, No. 2
Display Method:
2015, 33(2): 97-101,130.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.001
Abstract:
Research progress of flavanone compounds synthesis was reviewed, various types of synthesis methods of flavanone compounds were summarized, and methodological support for flavanone compounds in new drug research and development was provided. Research progress in synthesis of flavanone compounds includes chalcone cyclization, Friedel-Crafts reaction, Knoevenagel condensation, Hoesch single acetoxylation, and asymmetric synthesis of flavanone compounds. Solvent-free synthesis of flavanone compounds and other green chemistry methods were also introduced.
Research progress of flavanone compounds synthesis was reviewed, various types of synthesis methods of flavanone compounds were summarized, and methodological support for flavanone compounds in new drug research and development was provided. Research progress in synthesis of flavanone compounds includes chalcone cyclization, Friedel-Crafts reaction, Knoevenagel condensation, Hoesch single acetoxylation, and asymmetric synthesis of flavanone compounds. Solvent-free synthesis of flavanone compounds and other green chemistry methods were also introduced.
2015, 33(2): 102-105,137.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.002
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Changium smyrnioides (C. smyrnioides) Wolff is one species of monotypic genus in the Apiaceae family which is a Chinese endemic species medicinal plant. It has the effect of nourishing the body, improving health, moistening the lung, eliminating sputum and suppressing cough, regulating stomach and relieving vomiting, neutralizing toxins and subsiding swelling. C. smyrnioides as one kind of medicinal food and tonic agents, is one of the important export medicinal materials. The tonic effect may be related with immuno-regulatory, anti-fatigue and anti-stress activities, and polysaccharides are the main active constituents. The progress of the active constituents and pharmacological actions of C. smyrnioides are reviewed to provide basis for future rational development and utilization.
Changium smyrnioides (C. smyrnioides) Wolff is one species of monotypic genus in the Apiaceae family which is a Chinese endemic species medicinal plant. It has the effect of nourishing the body, improving health, moistening the lung, eliminating sputum and suppressing cough, regulating stomach and relieving vomiting, neutralizing toxins and subsiding swelling. C. smyrnioides as one kind of medicinal food and tonic agents, is one of the important export medicinal materials. The tonic effect may be related with immuno-regulatory, anti-fatigue and anti-stress activities, and polysaccharides are the main active constituents. The progress of the active constituents and pharmacological actions of C. smyrnioides are reviewed to provide basis for future rational development and utilization.
2015, 33(2): 106-109,170.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.003
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the current problems on tumor-targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system. Methods Recent researches of tumor-targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system were collected, read and summarized. Results Three research fields on tumor-targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system were reviewed in this article. Conclusion Not only a deeper understanding of the human physiology and tumor biology, but changes in strategies and experimental methods are needed to make new achievements on nanoparticle drug delivery system.
Objective To analyze the current problems on tumor-targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system. Methods Recent researches of tumor-targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system were collected, read and summarized. Results Three research fields on tumor-targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system were reviewed in this article. Conclusion Not only a deeper understanding of the human physiology and tumor biology, but changes in strategies and experimental methods are needed to make new achievements on nanoparticle drug delivery system.
2015, 33(2): 110-113.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.004
Abstract:
Tripterygium wilfordii has been widely used in clinic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and the curative effect is significant. But it has toxic and side effects for liver, kidney, reproductive system, etc. The side effects of Tripterygium wilfordii are the main obstacles for the usage and promotion. The literature reports about the clinical application and side effect of Tripterygium wilfordii are reviewed in this paper, which provides reference for usage in clinic.
Tripterygium wilfordii has been widely used in clinic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and the curative effect is significant. But it has toxic and side effects for liver, kidney, reproductive system, etc. The side effects of Tripterygium wilfordii are the main obstacles for the usage and promotion. The literature reports about the clinical application and side effect of Tripterygium wilfordii are reviewed in this paper, which provides reference for usage in clinic.
2015, 33(2): 114-118.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.005
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Objective To prepare oxidized mesoporous carbon nanospheres and investigate potential application as drug delivery carriers for paclitaxel. Methods Physicochemical properties such as morphology, diameter, pore diameter and pore volume were characterized. Drug-loading capacity was measured and drug release behavior in vitro was investigated by dialysis method. In vitro antitumour effect was evaluated by CCK-8 methods. Results The synthesized oxidized mesoporous carbon nanospheres had an average diameter of 140 nm, Zeta potential of -36 mV, high specific surface area of 704.63 m2/g,high drug-loading capacity of 45.6%. Conclusion Oxidized mesoporous carbon nanospheres have promising application in anti-cancer drug delivery system.
Objective To prepare oxidized mesoporous carbon nanospheres and investigate potential application as drug delivery carriers for paclitaxel. Methods Physicochemical properties such as morphology, diameter, pore diameter and pore volume were characterized. Drug-loading capacity was measured and drug release behavior in vitro was investigated by dialysis method. In vitro antitumour effect was evaluated by CCK-8 methods. Results The synthesized oxidized mesoporous carbon nanospheres had an average diameter of 140 nm, Zeta potential of -36 mV, high specific surface area of 704.63 m2/g,high drug-loading capacity of 45.6%. Conclusion Oxidized mesoporous carbon nanospheres have promising application in anti-cancer drug delivery system.
2015, 33(2): 119-121,175.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.006
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Objective To establish HPLC method to detect docetaxel and compare the stability of a novel polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel with docetaxel injection saline dilutions. Methods HPLC method was established to detect docetaxel concentration. The stability of a novel polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel and docetaxel saline dilutions were investigated by drug concentration pH value and particle size using membranes filtration method. Results The linear range of docetaxel was 1256 μg/ml, regression equation was Y = 21.199 X + 20.488, r = 0.999 9. The drug concentration pH value and particle size of polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel was stable at room temperature in 24 hours. However the docetaxel injection saline dilutions was discovered drug precipitation in about two hours after preparation and the drug concentration was significant decreased in the filtration of docetaxel injection saline dilutions. Conclusion The novel polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel was a new stable docetaxel formulation and significantly increased the safety in clinical.
Objective To establish HPLC method to detect docetaxel and compare the stability of a novel polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel with docetaxel injection saline dilutions. Methods HPLC method was established to detect docetaxel concentration. The stability of a novel polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel and docetaxel saline dilutions were investigated by drug concentration pH value and particle size using membranes filtration method. Results The linear range of docetaxel was 1256 μg/ml, regression equation was Y = 21.199 X + 20.488, r = 0.999 9. The drug concentration pH value and particle size of polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel was stable at room temperature in 24 hours. However the docetaxel injection saline dilutions was discovered drug precipitation in about two hours after preparation and the drug concentration was significant decreased in the filtration of docetaxel injection saline dilutions. Conclusion The novel polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion of docetaxel was a new stable docetaxel formulation and significantly increased the safety in clinical.
2015, 33(2): 122-124.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.007
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Objective To optimize the synthesis of photosensitizer chlorine e6-C15 monomethyl ester (1). Methods Target compound 1 was synthesized through E ring cracking of pheophorbide a (3) in methanol solution of potassium hydroxide followed by adding H2O for ester hydrolysis with "one-pot" process. Four main factors that influencing the synthetic yield of target compound 1 are ring cleavage reaction time (A), reflux hydrolysis reaction time (B), alkali concentration (C) and weight ratio of material 3 to alkali (D). Each of the four factors was chosen at three levels and evaluated by the orthogonal experimental design of L9 (34). Results The optimization terms of the synthesis of target compound 1 were B1C2A2D1. The yield of compound 1 was raised from 43.0% to 56.5%. Conclusion The developed process has the advantages of simple operation, good safety and high reaction yield, and is suitable for industrial production.
Objective To optimize the synthesis of photosensitizer chlorine e6-C15 monomethyl ester (1). Methods Target compound 1 was synthesized through E ring cracking of pheophorbide a (3) in methanol solution of potassium hydroxide followed by adding H2O for ester hydrolysis with "one-pot" process. Four main factors that influencing the synthetic yield of target compound 1 are ring cleavage reaction time (A), reflux hydrolysis reaction time (B), alkali concentration (C) and weight ratio of material 3 to alkali (D). Each of the four factors was chosen at three levels and evaluated by the orthogonal experimental design of L9 (34). Results The optimization terms of the synthesis of target compound 1 were B1C2A2D1. The yield of compound 1 was raised from 43.0% to 56.5%. Conclusion The developed process has the advantages of simple operation, good safety and high reaction yield, and is suitable for industrial production.
2015, 33(2): 125-126,178.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.008
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Objective To study the hemostasis activity of iodine complex with carboxymethyl chitosan. Methods The polymers were prepared with azodiisobutyronitrile as the initiating agent and sodium acrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl chitosan and N,N'-methylene diacrylamide as the raw materials. It was then complexed with iodine to generate iodine complex with carboxymethyl chitosan, and the hemostasis activity was tested at the same time. Results The polymers could absorb water with the value of 103g/g and showed potent hemostasis activity for auricular veins and femoral veins. Conclusion The results showed that hemostatic effect of polymers was better than that of hemostatic sponge and Quikclot.
Objective To study the hemostasis activity of iodine complex with carboxymethyl chitosan. Methods The polymers were prepared with azodiisobutyronitrile as the initiating agent and sodium acrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl chitosan and N,N'-methylene diacrylamide as the raw materials. It was then complexed with iodine to generate iodine complex with carboxymethyl chitosan, and the hemostasis activity was tested at the same time. Results The polymers could absorb water with the value of 103g/g and showed potent hemostasis activity for auricular veins and femoral veins. Conclusion The results showed that hemostatic effect of polymers was better than that of hemostatic sponge and Quikclot.
2015, 33(2): 127-130.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.009
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Objective To improve the synthetic condition of 6-methoxyisatin. Methods The starting material 3-methoxyaniline was firstly converted into the intermediate 1-oximino-N- (3-methoxyphenyl) acetamide through Sandmeyer reaction, then 6-methoxyisatin was conducted with methanesulfonic acid as catalyst in the following ring closure reaction. Results In the second step of the cyclization reaction, methanesulfonic acid was used to replace the concentrated sulfuric acid which is widely used in literature. The temperature was 80℃, the reaction time was 30 min, and the yield was 81.24%. Conclusion This study provided a synthesis process of 6-methoxyisatin with simple operation, mild reaction condition and high yield, which is suitable for large scale preparation of the compound.
Objective To improve the synthetic condition of 6-methoxyisatin. Methods The starting material 3-methoxyaniline was firstly converted into the intermediate 1-oximino-N- (3-methoxyphenyl) acetamide through Sandmeyer reaction, then 6-methoxyisatin was conducted with methanesulfonic acid as catalyst in the following ring closure reaction. Results In the second step of the cyclization reaction, methanesulfonic acid was used to replace the concentrated sulfuric acid which is widely used in literature. The temperature was 80℃, the reaction time was 30 min, and the yield was 81.24%. Conclusion This study provided a synthesis process of 6-methoxyisatin with simple operation, mild reaction condition and high yield, which is suitable for large scale preparation of the compound.
2015, 33(2): 131-133,142.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.010
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Objective To compose and evaluate anti-tumor activities of 3-substituted indole-2-one compounds which may have dual inhibitory activities against both tubulin protein and VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase. Methods Target compounds were prepared starting from substituted aniline via condensation, cyclization and reduction. Results 11 target compounds were synthesized and all the compounds displayed moderate anti-proliferative activities against three tumor cell lines. Compound j9 showed a certain inhibitory activity against both VEGFR-2 kinase and tubulin protein in vitro. Conclusion This series of indolin-2-one derivatives were found to be a novel kind of multi-target inhibitor.
Objective To compose and evaluate anti-tumor activities of 3-substituted indole-2-one compounds which may have dual inhibitory activities against both tubulin protein and VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase. Methods Target compounds were prepared starting from substituted aniline via condensation, cyclization and reduction. Results 11 target compounds were synthesized and all the compounds displayed moderate anti-proliferative activities against three tumor cell lines. Compound j9 showed a certain inhibitory activity against both VEGFR-2 kinase and tubulin protein in vitro. Conclusion This series of indolin-2-one derivatives were found to be a novel kind of multi-target inhibitor.
2015, 33(2): 134-137.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.011
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Objective To optimize the extraction technology of total falvonoids from Hypericum sampsonii. Methods On the basis of single factor test, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction time, extraction temperature and extraction times on the extraction rate were studied by taking the content of total falvonoids as indexes. Orthogonal test was conducted to establish the extraction technology of total falvonoids from Hypericum sampsonii. Results The influence degree of factors on the extraction rate of total falvonoids was in the order of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction times, and temperature.The optimum extraction condition was confirmed as follows: ethanol concentration of 70%, extraction temperature of 60 ℃, and extraction times of 3×1.5 h, solid to liquid ratio of 120. Under this condition,the average extraction rate of total falvonoids reached 2.38%. Conclusion The test was reasonable in design and credible in findings, and was easily operated, which could provide scientific basis for the batch extraction of total flavonoids from Hypericum sampsonii.
Objective To optimize the extraction technology of total falvonoids from Hypericum sampsonii. Methods On the basis of single factor test, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction time, extraction temperature and extraction times on the extraction rate were studied by taking the content of total falvonoids as indexes. Orthogonal test was conducted to establish the extraction technology of total falvonoids from Hypericum sampsonii. Results The influence degree of factors on the extraction rate of total falvonoids was in the order of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction times, and temperature.The optimum extraction condition was confirmed as follows: ethanol concentration of 70%, extraction temperature of 60 ℃, and extraction times of 3×1.5 h, solid to liquid ratio of 120. Under this condition,the average extraction rate of total falvonoids reached 2.38%. Conclusion The test was reasonable in design and credible in findings, and was easily operated, which could provide scientific basis for the batch extraction of total flavonoids from Hypericum sampsonii.
2015, 33(2): 138-142.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.012
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Objective To investigate the synergic ratio of sorafenib (SO) and sulforaphane (SF) against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro. Methods The synergic effect of SO combined with SF against HepG2 cells was determined by the CCK8 assay (the synergic effect was determined by combination index (CI) value: CI>1.1, antagonistic; 0.9Results The CCK-8 assay showed that SO combined with SF at the molar rate of 1:1,1:10 and 1:20 exhibited strong antagonism (CI>1.1), whereas 20:1,5:1 and 1:5 ratio resulted in synergistic activity (CI<0.9). Furthermore, 10:1 ratio acted as an additive effective (0.9P<0.01). The early and late apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells (21.71±6.06) of the group treated with SO combined with SF at 5:1 synergistic ratio was significantly higher than that of the group treated with SO combined with SF at 1:1 antagonistic ratio(6.64±0.311)(P<0.01). Conclusion SO combined with SF at the molar rate of 5:1 can synergistically inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro.
Objective To investigate the synergic ratio of sorafenib (SO) and sulforaphane (SF) against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro. Methods The synergic effect of SO combined with SF against HepG2 cells was determined by the CCK8 assay (the synergic effect was determined by combination index (CI) value: CI>1.1, antagonistic; 0.9
2015, 33(2): 143-146,158.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.013
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Objective To develop an SPE-HPLC method for the determination of methotrexate (MTX) in human plasma to monitor the clinical drug use of MTX, and to identify the human metabolite of MTX by mass spectrometry. Methods MTX was extracted from human plasma using C18 SPE column and analyzed directly after elution. The separation of MTX was performed on Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 m) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid solution (containing 0.3% triethylamine) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 306 nm. QLMS and MRM-IDA-EPI scan modes were used to obtain the mass spectrum of MTX metabolite. Results The calibration curve of MTX in plasma was linear over the range of 0.05-100 μmol/L(r=0.999 9). The extraction recovery was above 95% and accuracy was between 97% and 105%. Both intra-and inter-day precision were less than 5%. 7-OH MTX was identified to be the metabolite through the analysis of the mass spectrum. Conclusion The method is sensitive, reproducible, easy to operate and suits for monitoring the concentration of MTX in clinical practice.
Objective To develop an SPE-HPLC method for the determination of methotrexate (MTX) in human plasma to monitor the clinical drug use of MTX, and to identify the human metabolite of MTX by mass spectrometry. Methods MTX was extracted from human plasma using C18 SPE column and analyzed directly after elution. The separation of MTX was performed on Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 m) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid solution (containing 0.3% triethylamine) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 306 nm. QLMS and MRM-IDA-EPI scan modes were used to obtain the mass spectrum of MTX metabolite. Results The calibration curve of MTX in plasma was linear over the range of 0.05-100 μmol/L(r=0.999 9). The extraction recovery was above 95% and accuracy was between 97% and 105%. Both intra-and inter-day precision were less than 5%. 7-OH MTX was identified to be the metabolite through the analysis of the mass spectrum. Conclusion The method is sensitive, reproducible, easy to operate and suits for monitoring the concentration of MTX in clinical practice.
2015, 33(2): 147-149,170.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.014
Abstract:
Objective To study the anti-microbial activity and strength of allicin on Campylobacter jejuni. Methods Disc diffusion method (K-B) was used to determine the diameter of the bacteriostatic ring. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of allicin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were detected by constant broth dilution method, respectively.The minimal inhibitory concentrations and bacteriostatic rate of allicin,ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were compared. Results The anti-microbial activity on Campylobacter jejuni of allicin (MIC 12.8 μg/ml, bactetiostatic rate 90.40%) was better than that of ciprofloxacin (MIC 20.48 μg/ml, bactetiostatic rate 90.21%) and erythromycin (MIC 35.84 μg/ml, bactetiostatic rate 90.33%). Conclusion Allicin has anti-microbial activity on Campylobacter jejuni in vitro.
Objective To study the anti-microbial activity and strength of allicin on Campylobacter jejuni. Methods Disc diffusion method (K-B) was used to determine the diameter of the bacteriostatic ring. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of allicin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were detected by constant broth dilution method, respectively.The minimal inhibitory concentrations and bacteriostatic rate of allicin,ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were compared. Results The anti-microbial activity on Campylobacter jejuni of allicin (MIC 12.8 μg/ml, bactetiostatic rate 90.40%) was better than that of ciprofloxacin (MIC 20.48 μg/ml, bactetiostatic rate 90.21%) and erythromycin (MIC 35.84 μg/ml, bactetiostatic rate 90.33%). Conclusion Allicin has anti-microbial activity on Campylobacter jejuni in vitro.
2015, 33(2): 150-152,155.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.015
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Objective To evaluate the workload of dispensing department in hospital using multivariate subdivision post scoring method. Methods Workload data of dispensing department in hospital were collected through scoring the workload of dispensing department with multivariate subdivision post scoring method. Results The workload scores of dispensing departments differed obviously. The average workload score is 1 370.38±112.60, CV%=8.22%. Conclusion The Multivariate subdivision post scoring method can get the workload score of dispensing department objectively. It's simple to operate with low cost. This method can be used as the workload scoring for dispensing department in hospital.
Objective To evaluate the workload of dispensing department in hospital using multivariate subdivision post scoring method. Methods Workload data of dispensing department in hospital were collected through scoring the workload of dispensing department with multivariate subdivision post scoring method. Results The workload scores of dispensing departments differed obviously. The average workload score is 1 370.38±112.60, CV%=8.22%. Conclusion The Multivariate subdivision post scoring method can get the workload score of dispensing department objectively. It's simple to operate with low cost. This method can be used as the workload scoring for dispensing department in hospital.
2015, 33(2): 153-155.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.016
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Objective To develop a stable method for fingerprint analysis of extractum platycodi liquidum to ensure its uniformity and stability. Methods UPLC-ELSD was applied to obtain a chromatogram with 11 well separated peaks, and the chromatographic condition was as follows: mobile phase was gradient elution by acetonitrile-water, column was ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the column temperature of 30 ℃ and the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. Results The chromatographic fingerprints were analyzed with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM. Similarities were all greater than 0.90, which could meet the requirement for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM. Conclusion The stability, repeatability and precision of the developed method were all validated, and the chromatographic fingerprint analysis was a rapid and accurate method for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Objective To develop a stable method for fingerprint analysis of extractum platycodi liquidum to ensure its uniformity and stability. Methods UPLC-ELSD was applied to obtain a chromatogram with 11 well separated peaks, and the chromatographic condition was as follows: mobile phase was gradient elution by acetonitrile-water, column was ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the column temperature of 30 ℃ and the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. Results The chromatographic fingerprints were analyzed with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM. Similarities were all greater than 0.90, which could meet the requirement for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM. Conclusion The stability, repeatability and precision of the developed method were all validated, and the chromatographic fingerprint analysis was a rapid and accurate method for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
2015, 33(2): 156-158.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.017
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for determination of the content of Forsythoside A in Yinqiaosan granules. Methods HPLC method was adopted to carry on the determination. Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used with the mobile phase of methanol-0.2% Glacial acetic acid solution by gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the column temperature was 20 ℃. Results Forsythoside A showed a good linear relationship at the range from 0.080 3~3.211 μg (r=1.000).The average recovery rates were 103.78%, and RSD=0.82%. Conclusion The method was convenient and accurate. Meanwhile, it also has good specificity and reproducibility. It can be used effectively for the quality control of Yinqiaosan granules.
Objective To establish a method for determination of the content of Forsythoside A in Yinqiaosan granules. Methods HPLC method was adopted to carry on the determination. Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used with the mobile phase of methanol-0.2% Glacial acetic acid solution by gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the column temperature was 20 ℃. Results Forsythoside A showed a good linear relationship at the range from 0.080 3~3.211 μg (r=1.000).The average recovery rates were 103.78%, and RSD=0.82%. Conclusion The method was convenient and accurate. Meanwhile, it also has good specificity and reproducibility. It can be used effectively for the quality control of Yinqiaosan granules.
2015, 33(2): 159-162,192.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.018
Abstract:
Objective To study the relationship between circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in peripheral blood of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its metastasis and prognosis. Methods 35 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were collected as the research objects.CTCs density were enriched through gradient centrifugation and negative-immunomagnetic methods, then the cells were detected by chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence tests to identify CTCs. The clinical characters were recorded and the data were statistically analyzed. Results All the patients were detected CTC positive. The number of CTC was (4.1±2.5).The patients were divided into 2 groups.Group Ⅰ included patients whose CTCs were <5,and others were included in group Ⅱ.The difference between number of group I and group Ⅱ had significant significance(P=0.001); Metastasis had nothing to do with patients' sex and age(P=0.581,0.531); The number of CTCs was related to metastasis and prognosis(P=0.024,0.01),and there was significant statistic significance between group I and group Ⅱ. Conclusion The number of CTCs was related to tumor metastasis.The tumor may be more prone to occur metastasis and may had worse prognosis,and the patients may had shorter life time when the number of CTCs was≥5.
Objective To study the relationship between circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in peripheral blood of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its metastasis and prognosis. Methods 35 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were collected as the research objects.CTCs density were enriched through gradient centrifugation and negative-immunomagnetic methods, then the cells were detected by chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence tests to identify CTCs. The clinical characters were recorded and the data were statistically analyzed. Results All the patients were detected CTC positive. The number of CTC was (4.1±2.5).The patients were divided into 2 groups.Group Ⅰ included patients whose CTCs were <5,and others were included in group Ⅱ.The difference between number of group I and group Ⅱ had significant significance(P=0.001); Metastasis had nothing to do with patients' sex and age(P=0.581,0.531); The number of CTCs was related to metastasis and prognosis(P=0.024,0.01),and there was significant statistic significance between group I and group Ⅱ. Conclusion The number of CTCs was related to tumor metastasis.The tumor may be more prone to occur metastasis and may had worse prognosis,and the patients may had shorter life time when the number of CTCs was≥5.
2015, 33(2): 163-166,182.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.019
Abstract:
Cancer-induced immunosuppressive cells play an important immunosuppressive role during the tumor development process, and the development and progression of tumors are always accompanied with abnormal accumulation of cancer-induced immunosuppressive cells. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are major components of these inhibitory cellular networks, and they can inhibit antitumor immune response through multiple mechanisms. Recent studies have provided evidence that beyond their direct cytotoxic or cytostatic effects on cancer cells, some conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and agents used in targeted therapies can promote the elimination or inactivation of suppressive Tregs or MDSCs, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Hence, chemotherapeutics, used as a preconditioning regimen and combined with subsequent immunotherapy, can promote anti-tumor immune response. Anticancer chemoimmunotherapy strategy will change the recognization of the role for conventional chemotherapy in anticancer treatment, and it will be helpful to optimize the chemotherapy strategies more reasonably.
Cancer-induced immunosuppressive cells play an important immunosuppressive role during the tumor development process, and the development and progression of tumors are always accompanied with abnormal accumulation of cancer-induced immunosuppressive cells. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are major components of these inhibitory cellular networks, and they can inhibit antitumor immune response through multiple mechanisms. Recent studies have provided evidence that beyond their direct cytotoxic or cytostatic effects on cancer cells, some conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and agents used in targeted therapies can promote the elimination or inactivation of suppressive Tregs or MDSCs, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Hence, chemotherapeutics, used as a preconditioning regimen and combined with subsequent immunotherapy, can promote anti-tumor immune response. Anticancer chemoimmunotherapy strategy will change the recognization of the role for conventional chemotherapy in anticancer treatment, and it will be helpful to optimize the chemotherapy strategies more reasonably.
2015, 33(2): 167-170.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.020
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Objective To explore the working pattern for endocrinology clinical pharmacists participating in clinical drug treatment. Methods By participating in the treatment for a patient with diabetes and hyperprolactinemia and analyzing the causes of poor glycemic control and hyperprolactinemia, clinical pharmacists proposed therapeutic regimen. Results The long-term psychotropic medication may be one of the reasons why blood glucose of the patient was unsatisfactorily controlled. The patient with hyperprolactinemia may be associated with her longstanding use of paliperidone. The patient was recommended to consult a psychiatrist and switch to an alternative medication which does not cause hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion The active participation of clinical pharmacists during clinical drug therapy could improve the medication rationality and compliance of patients with drugs.
Objective To explore the working pattern for endocrinology clinical pharmacists participating in clinical drug treatment. Methods By participating in the treatment for a patient with diabetes and hyperprolactinemia and analyzing the causes of poor glycemic control and hyperprolactinemia, clinical pharmacists proposed therapeutic regimen. Results The long-term psychotropic medication may be one of the reasons why blood glucose of the patient was unsatisfactorily controlled. The patient with hyperprolactinemia may be associated with her longstanding use of paliperidone. The patient was recommended to consult a psychiatrist and switch to an alternative medication which does not cause hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion The active participation of clinical pharmacists during clinical drug therapy could improve the medication rationality and compliance of patients with drugs.
2015, 33(2): 171-172.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.021
Abstract:
Objective To observe the curative effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in prevention of liver injury induced by oxaliplatin. Methods The control group used oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy, the treatment group were treated with oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy and simultaneous magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate were used at the same time. With 28 d for 1 course of treatment, the treatment period consisted of 2-4 courses, observation of patients and the proportion of liver injury were made. Results In the control group, liver injury incidence rate was 44.4%, the rate of injury was 19.4% in treatment group, there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate could be effective in prevention of oxaliplatin induced liver injury.
Objective To observe the curative effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in prevention of liver injury induced by oxaliplatin. Methods The control group used oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy, the treatment group were treated with oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy and simultaneous magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate were used at the same time. With 28 d for 1 course of treatment, the treatment period consisted of 2-4 courses, observation of patients and the proportion of liver injury were made. Results In the control group, liver injury incidence rate was 44.4%, the rate of injury was 19.4% in treatment group, there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate could be effective in prevention of oxaliplatin induced liver injury.
2015, 33(2): 173-175.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.022
Abstract:
Objective To compare the therapeutic effectiveness and safeness of venlafaxine sustained-release capsules and citalopram tablets in the treatment of post-stroke depression. Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into venlafaxine group (n=30)and citalomram group(n=30) for 8 weeks treatment. Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) and treatment emergent system scale (TESS) were used to evaluate the efficacy and side effects, respectively. Results After 4-8 weeks of treatment,both scores of HAMD of the two groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),but there was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The total scores of HAMD in venlafaxine group were notably lower than citalopram group after 2 weeks(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in side effects between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference in gross curative effect and side effects between two groups; venlafaxine worked faster compared to citalopram.
Objective To compare the therapeutic effectiveness and safeness of venlafaxine sustained-release capsules and citalopram tablets in the treatment of post-stroke depression. Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into venlafaxine group (n=30)and citalomram group(n=30) for 8 weeks treatment. Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) and treatment emergent system scale (TESS) were used to evaluate the efficacy and side effects, respectively. Results After 4-8 weeks of treatment,both scores of HAMD of the two groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),but there was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The total scores of HAMD in venlafaxine group were notably lower than citalopram group after 2 weeks(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in side effects between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference in gross curative effect and side effects between two groups; venlafaxine worked faster compared to citalopram.
2015, 33(2): 176-178.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.023
Abstract:
Objective To achieve outpatient prescriptions audit before payment and dispensing, optimize the dispensing process,improve the ratio of qualified prescriptions and promote rational use of drugs. Methods Based on the Hospital Information System (HIS) of Peking University Cancer Hospital, a new computer system was developed for pharmacists to achieve prescriptions audit before payment and dispensing. Results Outpatient prescriptions audit was guaranteed by the new computer system, the dispensing process was optimized and the role of pharmacists in prescriptions audit was ensured. Conclusion The ratio of unqualified prescriptions was reduced effectively, and the safety and rationality of prescriptions was improved. Pharmacists should improve their professional knowledge to make the prescription audit more professional, accurate and efficient.
Objective To achieve outpatient prescriptions audit before payment and dispensing, optimize the dispensing process,improve the ratio of qualified prescriptions and promote rational use of drugs. Methods Based on the Hospital Information System (HIS) of Peking University Cancer Hospital, a new computer system was developed for pharmacists to achieve prescriptions audit before payment and dispensing. Results Outpatient prescriptions audit was guaranteed by the new computer system, the dispensing process was optimized and the role of pharmacists in prescriptions audit was ensured. Conclusion The ratio of unqualified prescriptions was reduced effectively, and the safety and rationality of prescriptions was improved. Pharmacists should improve their professional knowledge to make the prescription audit more professional, accurate and efficient.
2015, 33(2): 179-182.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.024
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the reason of drug shortages in medical institutions and take corresponding prevention measures to ensure drug supply. Methods The drug outbound orders in 2012 were retrospectively analyzed to trace the procurement plan of badly-needed drugs and the delivery time of supplier. Excel was used to carry out classification and statistics for the information of drug shortages combined with the explanations that the supplier failed to supply to summarize the external cause and internal cause of drug shortages in medical institutions. Results In 2012, the dispensing department received a total of 46862 plans, and 1423 items were badly-needed drugs.The drug shortage rate was 3.0%. 643 times of drug shortages were caused by external causes which accountedfor 45.2% of all the shortages; 780 times of the drug shortages were caused by internal causes which accounted for 54.8%. Price inversion accounted for 40.7% in the external causes that lead to the drug shortages, and it was the top of the external causes for drug shortages. The low-priced small varieties and generic drugs accounted for 71.2% of drug shortages caused by external causes; in the internal causes of drug shortages, the inventory control accounted for 45.0%, ranked the first. Conclusion The scientific and reasonable drug price, the improvement of bidding policy, the joint effort of all parties of drug supply chain, and the enhancement of the early warning and management of the badly-needed drugs can reduce drug shortage.
Objective To analyze the reason of drug shortages in medical institutions and take corresponding prevention measures to ensure drug supply. Methods The drug outbound orders in 2012 were retrospectively analyzed to trace the procurement plan of badly-needed drugs and the delivery time of supplier. Excel was used to carry out classification and statistics for the information of drug shortages combined with the explanations that the supplier failed to supply to summarize the external cause and internal cause of drug shortages in medical institutions. Results In 2012, the dispensing department received a total of 46862 plans, and 1423 items were badly-needed drugs.The drug shortage rate was 3.0%. 643 times of drug shortages were caused by external causes which accountedfor 45.2% of all the shortages; 780 times of the drug shortages were caused by internal causes which accounted for 54.8%. Price inversion accounted for 40.7% in the external causes that lead to the drug shortages, and it was the top of the external causes for drug shortages. The low-priced small varieties and generic drugs accounted for 71.2% of drug shortages caused by external causes; in the internal causes of drug shortages, the inventory control accounted for 45.0%, ranked the first. Conclusion The scientific and reasonable drug price, the improvement of bidding policy, the joint effort of all parties of drug supply chain, and the enhancement of the early warning and management of the badly-needed drugs can reduce drug shortage.
2015, 33(2): 183-186.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.025
Abstract:
Objective To provide suggestion and reference for standardizing irregular usage of drug prescription in hospital. Methods Prescriptions of outpatient section and emergency room in Heshan People's Hospital were extracted from January to June 2013. The behavior of irregular usage drug prescription was statistically analyzed according to the content of drug instructions. Results 63 irregular usage of drug prescriptions were found, involving off-indication use, overdose, change in medication method and route of administration, and usage beyond the scope of intended patient population. Conclusion irregular usage of drug prescription is common in outpatient section and emergency room, which putting patient medication at risk. We recommend that medication management standards should be developed as soon as possible by the relevant departments to ensure patient's safety.
Objective To provide suggestion and reference for standardizing irregular usage of drug prescription in hospital. Methods Prescriptions of outpatient section and emergency room in Heshan People's Hospital were extracted from January to June 2013. The behavior of irregular usage drug prescription was statistically analyzed according to the content of drug instructions. Results 63 irregular usage of drug prescriptions were found, involving off-indication use, overdose, change in medication method and route of administration, and usage beyond the scope of intended patient population. Conclusion irregular usage of drug prescription is common in outpatient section and emergency room, which putting patient medication at risk. We recommend that medication management standards should be developed as soon as possible by the relevant departments to ensure patient's safety.
2015, 33(2): 187-189.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2015.02.026
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of quality control circle in the reduction of medicine waiting time for out-patients. Methods Analyze the reason of the increase of medicine waiting time for out-patients was analyzed. Specific plan was made and carried out. Medicine waiting time for out-patients before and after the intervention was compared by statistic analysis, and the effect of quality control circle was assessed. Results The average medicine waiting time for out-patients after intervention was 14.47 min, which was 2.45 min shorter than the average time before the intervention; 67.78% of the patients got their medicine within 15 min after the intervention, which was 10.61% higher than that of before the intervention; the quality control methods, abilities of solving problems and working initiative of the quality control circle stuffwere improved. Conclusion Quality control circle is capable of increasing dispensing efficiency, shortening medicine waiting time for out-patients, and promoting the core competitiveness of dispensary of traditional Chinese medicine.
Objective To investigate the effect of quality control circle in the reduction of medicine waiting time for out-patients. Methods Analyze the reason of the increase of medicine waiting time for out-patients was analyzed. Specific plan was made and carried out. Medicine waiting time for out-patients before and after the intervention was compared by statistic analysis, and the effect of quality control circle was assessed. Results The average medicine waiting time for out-patients after intervention was 14.47 min, which was 2.45 min shorter than the average time before the intervention; 67.78% of the patients got their medicine within 15 min after the intervention, which was 10.61% higher than that of before the intervention; the quality control methods, abilities of solving problems and working initiative of the quality control circle stuffwere improved. Conclusion Quality control circle is capable of increasing dispensing efficiency, shortening medicine waiting time for out-patients, and promoting the core competitiveness of dispensary of traditional Chinese medicine.
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