2018 Vol. 36, No. 4
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2018, 36(4): 289-292.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.001
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Dexmedetomidine(Dex) is a specific alpha-2-adrenergic agonist which was widely used in nerve blocks as an adjuvant to local anesthetic(LA) in order to shortening the onset time, prolonging the analgesic effect and reducing the postoperative analgesic consumption.When compared with other adjuvant to LA,Dex was effective in providing better analgesia efficacy with fewer side effects.
Dexmedetomidine(Dex) is a specific alpha-2-adrenergic agonist which was widely used in nerve blocks as an adjuvant to local anesthetic(LA) in order to shortening the onset time, prolonging the analgesic effect and reducing the postoperative analgesic consumption.When compared with other adjuvant to LA,Dex was effective in providing better analgesia efficacy with fewer side effects.
2018, 36(4): 293-296.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.002
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Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of permanent disability in the elderly with high prevalence rate. The therapy window of current treatment is relatively short. Finding an effective treatment for ischemic stroke is the key point of research work. Memantine hydrochloride is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist which could effectively alleviate the course of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that memantine may play a role in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Related literatures were reviewed, hoping to provide new ideas for the protective mechanism of memantinein the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of permanent disability in the elderly with high prevalence rate. The therapy window of current treatment is relatively short. Finding an effective treatment for ischemic stroke is the key point of research work. Memantine hydrochloride is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist which could effectively alleviate the course of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that memantine may play a role in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Related literatures were reviewed, hoping to provide new ideas for the protective mechanism of memantinein the treatment of ischemic stroke.
2018, 36(4): 297-300.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.003
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Patients with diabetes have higher risks of depression that may adversely affect subjective well-being and quality of life, and may increase the non-compliance of glycemic control. Depression in diabetic patients can be effectively relieved by psychotherapy and medication therapy, which can significantly improve the quality of life for diabetic patients, alleviate the psychological burden of patients and promote the effective development of glycemic control. This article reviews the research progress in the hazards, comorbidity identification and managements related to depression with diabetes mellitus.
Patients with diabetes have higher risks of depression that may adversely affect subjective well-being and quality of life, and may increase the non-compliance of glycemic control. Depression in diabetic patients can be effectively relieved by psychotherapy and medication therapy, which can significantly improve the quality of life for diabetic patients, alleviate the psychological burden of patients and promote the effective development of glycemic control. This article reviews the research progress in the hazards, comorbidity identification and managements related to depression with diabetes mellitus.
2018, 36(4): 301-306,328.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.004
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Polyethylene glycol and its derivatives are widely used in protein drug modification due to the excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and bioinertia. The pegylation makes it possible that protein has lower immunogenicity and longer half-life. PEG derivatives had undergone three generations, from random modifications, to site-specific and functional modifications, and then branched structures. The application of PEG derivatives also extends to biosensing and drug delivery. Advances in the development of PEG derivatives and pegylated protein drugs were reviewed in this paper.
Polyethylene glycol and its derivatives are widely used in protein drug modification due to the excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and bioinertia. The pegylation makes it possible that protein has lower immunogenicity and longer half-life. PEG derivatives had undergone three generations, from random modifications, to site-specific and functional modifications, and then branched structures. The application of PEG derivatives also extends to biosensing and drug delivery. Advances in the development of PEG derivatives and pegylated protein drugs were reviewed in this paper.
2018, 36(4): 307-312,350.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.005
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As the carrier of antitumor drugs, nanoparticles have many advantages, such as improving drug targeting, enhancing stability and reducing drug toxicity. In recent years, studies on anticancer drug nanoparticles have made great progress. This paper reviews the materials, drug loading and modification methods of anticancer drug nanoparticles.
As the carrier of antitumor drugs, nanoparticles have many advantages, such as improving drug targeting, enhancing stability and reducing drug toxicity. In recent years, studies on anticancer drug nanoparticles have made great progress. This paper reviews the materials, drug loading and modification methods of anticancer drug nanoparticles.
2018, 36(4): 313-317.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.006
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Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Qifu decoction (QFD) on adriamycin-induced cardiac injury based on GC-MS serum metabolomics and explore its mechanism. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group, Adriamycin-induced model group and QFD-treated group. The QFD-treated group received QFD for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the serum samples of each rat were collected and analyzed by GC-MS. Combination GC-MS with multivariate and univariate statistical analysis was applied to identify potential biomarkers related with adriamycin-induced cardiac injury and QFD-reversed biomarkers. Metabolic pathway analysis was employed to identify QFD-targeted metabolic pathways. Results 17 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers related with adriamycin-induced cardiac injury based on GC-MS serum metabolomics analysis and 10 metabolites were significantly reversed by QFD. QFD-targeted metabolic pathways were identified by metabolic pathway analysis with MetaboAnalyst, which were citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusion QFD administration provided protective effects on adriamycin-induced cardiac injury through partially regulating the perturbed citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism.
Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Qifu decoction (QFD) on adriamycin-induced cardiac injury based on GC-MS serum metabolomics and explore its mechanism. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group, Adriamycin-induced model group and QFD-treated group. The QFD-treated group received QFD for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the serum samples of each rat were collected and analyzed by GC-MS. Combination GC-MS with multivariate and univariate statistical analysis was applied to identify potential biomarkers related with adriamycin-induced cardiac injury and QFD-reversed biomarkers. Metabolic pathway analysis was employed to identify QFD-targeted metabolic pathways. Results 17 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers related with adriamycin-induced cardiac injury based on GC-MS serum metabolomics analysis and 10 metabolites were significantly reversed by QFD. QFD-targeted metabolic pathways were identified by metabolic pathway analysis with MetaboAnalyst, which were citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusion QFD administration provided protective effects on adriamycin-induced cardiac injury through partially regulating the perturbed citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism.
2018, 36(4): 318-323.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.007
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Objective To study the effect of cyclopamine on liver regeneration, and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Methods iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics combined with 2D liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were applied to study the protein expression of liver regeneration in rats with partial hepatectomy. Results A total of 1625 proteins were identified. 367 proteins were significantly different in the control group, cyclopamine-treated group and the partial hepatectomy group. The pathway analysis suggested that Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway was activated in the partial hepatectomy group, and SHH, Gli2 in this pathway may participate in the regulation of liver regeneration by affecting apoptosis and energy supply. While SHH and Gli2 were down regulated in the cyclopamine group. Conclusion Cyclopamine inhibited by Hedgehog (HH) key protein signaling affects the expression of liver regeneration; Hedgehog (HH) signal pathway in the process of liver regeneration has an important role.
Objective To study the effect of cyclopamine on liver regeneration, and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Methods iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics combined with 2D liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were applied to study the protein expression of liver regeneration in rats with partial hepatectomy. Results A total of 1625 proteins were identified. 367 proteins were significantly different in the control group, cyclopamine-treated group and the partial hepatectomy group. The pathway analysis suggested that Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway was activated in the partial hepatectomy group, and SHH, Gli2 in this pathway may participate in the regulation of liver regeneration by affecting apoptosis and energy supply. While SHH and Gli2 were down regulated in the cyclopamine group. Conclusion Cyclopamine inhibited by Hedgehog (HH) key protein signaling affects the expression of liver regeneration; Hedgehog (HH) signal pathway in the process of liver regeneration has an important role.
2018, 36(4): 324-328.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.008
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Objective To establish HPLC fingerprint for water soluble components and assay gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringin, aurantiamarin in Qingzhiweizuocan Tea, Methods High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) analysis was performed on Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase in gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min, the detection wavelength at 300 nm and the column temperature at 35℃. Results Based on the chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system (2004A) analysis, the characteristic fingerprint peak of the water-soluble components in Qingzhiweizuocan Tea was composed of 26 chromatographic peaks. The overall similarity degree is from 0.934 to 0.995. Ten batches of Qingzhiweizuocan Tea were assayed. The average content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringin, aurantiamarin were 0.672, 0.194, 1.247, 0.532 mg/g respectively. The RSDs (%) were 1.35, 1.89, 0.69, 0.79. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and with good repeatability. This study provided a scientific foundation for quality evaluation and control of Qingzhiweizuocan Tea.
Objective To establish HPLC fingerprint for water soluble components and assay gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringin, aurantiamarin in Qingzhiweizuocan Tea, Methods High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) analysis was performed on Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase in gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min, the detection wavelength at 300 nm and the column temperature at 35℃. Results Based on the chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system (2004A) analysis, the characteristic fingerprint peak of the water-soluble components in Qingzhiweizuocan Tea was composed of 26 chromatographic peaks. The overall similarity degree is from 0.934 to 0.995. Ten batches of Qingzhiweizuocan Tea were assayed. The average content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringin, aurantiamarin were 0.672, 0.194, 1.247, 0.532 mg/g respectively. The RSDs (%) were 1.35, 1.89, 0.69, 0.79. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and with good repeatability. This study provided a scientific foundation for quality evaluation and control of Qingzhiweizuocan Tea.
2018, 36(4): 329-333,354.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.009
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Objective To optimize the alcohol precipitation process of compound Yinchen mixture by central composite design-response surface method. Methods With the transfer rates of geniposide and solid removal rate as comprehensive evaluation index, the effects of relative density, alcohol concentration, stirring speed and standing time were investigated by the single factor experiment on the alcohol precipitation process. By analysis of variance, the key factors that could influence the alcohol precipitation process were determined. Then the range of parameters of key factors was further studied and explored by central composite design-response surface method. Results The optimum preparation conditions were as follows:the relative density was 1.07, alcohol concentration was 84%,standing time was 8 h,stirring speed was 1762 r/min. Conclusion The alcohol precipitation process of compound Yinchen mixture could be optimized by the response surface method, which could help to enhance the stability of the process.
Objective To optimize the alcohol precipitation process of compound Yinchen mixture by central composite design-response surface method. Methods With the transfer rates of geniposide and solid removal rate as comprehensive evaluation index, the effects of relative density, alcohol concentration, stirring speed and standing time were investigated by the single factor experiment on the alcohol precipitation process. By analysis of variance, the key factors that could influence the alcohol precipitation process were determined. Then the range of parameters of key factors was further studied and explored by central composite design-response surface method. Results The optimum preparation conditions were as follows:the relative density was 1.07, alcohol concentration was 84%,standing time was 8 h,stirring speed was 1762 r/min. Conclusion The alcohol precipitation process of compound Yinchen mixture could be optimized by the response surface method, which could help to enhance the stability of the process.
2018, 36(4): 334-337.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.010
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Objective To establish a double wavelength method for the simultaneous determination of ligustrazine hydrochloride, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, stibene glucoside, Lignin glycosides, asperosaponin Ⅵ and schizandrol A in compound caulis polygoni multiflori mixture. Methods The HPLC separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), gradient eluted with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 210 nm and 320 nm, and the column temperature was 25℃. Results There were good linear relationships in the determination of ligustrazine hydrochloride, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, stibene glucoside, Lignin glycosides, asperosaponin Ⅵ and schizandrol A (r ≥ 0.9997), with the average recovery rate of 102.33%, 100.29%, 100.18%, 99.95%, 99.23%, 101.61%, 99.28%, and the RSD were less than 3%. Conclusion The method was accurate, stable and reproducible and could be used for quality control of compound caulis polygoni multiflori mixture.
Objective To establish a double wavelength method for the simultaneous determination of ligustrazine hydrochloride, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, stibene glucoside, Lignin glycosides, asperosaponin Ⅵ and schizandrol A in compound caulis polygoni multiflori mixture. Methods The HPLC separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), gradient eluted with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 210 nm and 320 nm, and the column temperature was 25℃. Results There were good linear relationships in the determination of ligustrazine hydrochloride, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, stibene glucoside, Lignin glycosides, asperosaponin Ⅵ and schizandrol A (r ≥ 0.9997), with the average recovery rate of 102.33%, 100.29%, 100.18%, 99.95%, 99.23%, 101.61%, 99.28%, and the RSD were less than 3%. Conclusion The method was accurate, stable and reproducible and could be used for quality control of compound caulis polygoni multiflori mixture.
2018, 36(4): 338-342.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.011
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Objective To study the effectiveness of Gutong Plaster for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis joint pain with Cold dampness syndrome based on RCT. Methods 140 cases of RA patients were randomly divided into blank group (n=40), test group (n=50), control group (n=50). Blank group maintained the original medication therapies. Test group received Gutong plaster once daily. Control group received electric therapy once daily. VAS, grip strength, morning stiffness, TCM syndrome integral were recorded for all the patients before treatment, 3 and 14 days after treatment. Patients' RF, CRP and ESR were obtained before treatment and 14 days after treatment. Clinical efficacy was evaluated, and adverse reactions were recorded. Results 1. After 3-day treatment, VAS, morning stiffness, grip strength and TCM syndrome integral were improved in test group compared with pre-treatment (P<0.05). After two weeks, no significant changes were observed in blank group (P>0.05), while both test group and control group exhibited better VAS, grip strength morning stiffness, TCM syndrome integral, CRP and ESR compared with the data before treatment (P<0.05). Test group had better improvement than blank group and control group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant decline of RF in test group(P>0.05). 2. The total effective rate (94%) and the control rate (83%) for test group are better than control group (81% and 69%)(P<0.05). 3. There were two patients having mild adverse reactions in test group and control group, which were not statistically significant. Conclusion Gutong plaster can effectively relieve joints pain for RA patients with Cold dampness syndrome with fast onset and persistent effect. It is convenient to carry and administration. Its effectiveness was clinically confirmed.
Objective To study the effectiveness of Gutong Plaster for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis joint pain with Cold dampness syndrome based on RCT. Methods 140 cases of RA patients were randomly divided into blank group (n=40), test group (n=50), control group (n=50). Blank group maintained the original medication therapies. Test group received Gutong plaster once daily. Control group received electric therapy once daily. VAS, grip strength, morning stiffness, TCM syndrome integral were recorded for all the patients before treatment, 3 and 14 days after treatment. Patients' RF, CRP and ESR were obtained before treatment and 14 days after treatment. Clinical efficacy was evaluated, and adverse reactions were recorded. Results 1. After 3-day treatment, VAS, morning stiffness, grip strength and TCM syndrome integral were improved in test group compared with pre-treatment (P<0.05). After two weeks, no significant changes were observed in blank group (P>0.05), while both test group and control group exhibited better VAS, grip strength morning stiffness, TCM syndrome integral, CRP and ESR compared with the data before treatment (P<0.05). Test group had better improvement than blank group and control group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant decline of RF in test group(P>0.05). 2. The total effective rate (94%) and the control rate (83%) for test group are better than control group (81% and 69%)(P<0.05). 3. There were two patients having mild adverse reactions in test group and control group, which were not statistically significant. Conclusion Gutong plaster can effectively relieve joints pain for RA patients with Cold dampness syndrome with fast onset and persistent effect. It is convenient to carry and administration. Its effectiveness was clinically confirmed.
2018, 36(4): 343-346.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.012
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Objective To revise and improve the quality standard for Fenghan Shiling San. Methods The thin layer chromatography was used to identify euphorbiae ebracteolatae radix, angelicae dahuricae radix, notoginseng radix et rhizome, radix paeoniae rubra and rhizoma curcumae longae. The high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to determine the contents of imperatorin in Fenghan Shiling San. Results Euphorbiae ebracteolatae radix, angelicae dahuricae radix, notoginseng radix et rhizome, radix paeoniae rubra and rhizoma curcumae longae can be identified by TLC. Imperatorin showed a good linear relationship in a range of 0.033 6-0.269 0 μg, r=0.999 9. The average recovery of imperatorin was 96.77%(RSD=1.63%, n=6). Conclusion This accurate and quick method can be used for the quality control of Fenghan Shiling San.
Objective To revise and improve the quality standard for Fenghan Shiling San. Methods The thin layer chromatography was used to identify euphorbiae ebracteolatae radix, angelicae dahuricae radix, notoginseng radix et rhizome, radix paeoniae rubra and rhizoma curcumae longae. The high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to determine the contents of imperatorin in Fenghan Shiling San. Results Euphorbiae ebracteolatae radix, angelicae dahuricae radix, notoginseng radix et rhizome, radix paeoniae rubra and rhizoma curcumae longae can be identified by TLC. Imperatorin showed a good linear relationship in a range of 0.033 6-0.269 0 μg, r=0.999 9. The average recovery of imperatorin was 96.77%(RSD=1.63%, n=6). Conclusion This accurate and quick method can be used for the quality control of Fenghan Shiling San.
2018, 36(4): 347-350.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.013
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Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneously determination of daidzin and its metabolite in rat intestinal bacteria test solution in vitro, and study the metabolism of daidzin by rat intestinal bacteria. Methods The incubation of daidzin was carried out at 37℃ with rat intestinal bacteria test solution. The samples were precipitated by methanol followed by a separation with HPLC method. The conditions were as follows:the chromatographic column was Ultimate C18; the mobile phase was 0.2% acetic acid and methanol (gradient elution); the detection wavelength was 260nm, and the column temperature was 25℃. Results Daidzin and daidzein showed good linearity with the range of 98.0~490μg/ml and 57.6~288μg/ml, respectively. The accuracy of daidzin and daidzein was ranged from 96.6%~114.0% and the precision of the two analytes was within 9.9%. Daidzin was transformed to daidzein in the rat intestinal bacteria test solution, and its elimination half-life was 37.6 min. Conclusion The established HPLC method was suitable for the determination of daidzin and its metabolite. Daidzin could be metabolized by rat intestinal bacteria in vitro,and the main metabolic pathway was transforming daidzin into corresponding aglycone through breaking the glucoside bond
Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneously determination of daidzin and its metabolite in rat intestinal bacteria test solution in vitro, and study the metabolism of daidzin by rat intestinal bacteria. Methods The incubation of daidzin was carried out at 37℃ with rat intestinal bacteria test solution. The samples were precipitated by methanol followed by a separation with HPLC method. The conditions were as follows:the chromatographic column was Ultimate C18; the mobile phase was 0.2% acetic acid and methanol (gradient elution); the detection wavelength was 260nm, and the column temperature was 25℃. Results Daidzin and daidzein showed good linearity with the range of 98.0~490μg/ml and 57.6~288μg/ml, respectively. The accuracy of daidzin and daidzein was ranged from 96.6%~114.0% and the precision of the two analytes was within 9.9%. Daidzin was transformed to daidzein in the rat intestinal bacteria test solution, and its elimination half-life was 37.6 min. Conclusion The established HPLC method was suitable for the determination of daidzin and its metabolite. Daidzin could be metabolized by rat intestinal bacteria in vitro,and the main metabolic pathway was transforming daidzin into corresponding aglycone through breaking the glucoside bond
2018, 36(4): 351-354.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.014
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Objective To search for the most effective condition of extracting quercetin from Semen Plantaginis. Methods Single factor experiments of extracting quercetin from Litchi Semen Plantaginis were carried out by HPLC. Ultrasonic power,extracting time,methanol percentage and solid/liquid ratio were selected as critical factors. Orthogonal array design L9(34) was carried out to search for the most efficient condition to extract quercetin. Results The influential factors for quercetin extraction were as follows, solid/liquid ratio>ultrasonic power>methanol percentage>extracting time. The most optimal condition was to use 40% methanol to extract for 40 min with 200 W ultrasonic power and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:40 (g/ml). Conclusion Under this optimal condition, the extraction yield of quercetin reached 0.79%. This condition offered a simple, stable and effective process to extract Quercetin from Semen Plantaginis.
Objective To search for the most effective condition of extracting quercetin from Semen Plantaginis. Methods Single factor experiments of extracting quercetin from Litchi Semen Plantaginis were carried out by HPLC. Ultrasonic power,extracting time,methanol percentage and solid/liquid ratio were selected as critical factors. Orthogonal array design L9(34) was carried out to search for the most efficient condition to extract quercetin. Results The influential factors for quercetin extraction were as follows, solid/liquid ratio>ultrasonic power>methanol percentage>extracting time. The most optimal condition was to use 40% methanol to extract for 40 min with 200 W ultrasonic power and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:40 (g/ml). Conclusion Under this optimal condition, the extraction yield of quercetin reached 0.79%. This condition offered a simple, stable and effective process to extract Quercetin from Semen Plantaginis.
2018, 36(4): 355-357.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.015
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Objective To establish a method of HPLC for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Maxing Kanggan Granules. Methods Wondasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)was used at 30℃ and the acetonitrile-0.1% H3PO4 (5:95 ) was the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was at 215nm. Results The linear range of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were 4.231-42.31 μg/ml(r=0.999 7)、1.187-11.87 μg/ml(r=0.999 9), the average recovery were 98.9% (RSD=0.48%,n=6) and 98.1%(RSD=0.48%,n=6). Conclusion This method was accurate and good reproducibility, which could be used for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Maxing Kanggan Granules.
Objective To establish a method of HPLC for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Maxing Kanggan Granules. Methods Wondasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)was used at 30℃ and the acetonitrile-0.1% H3PO4 (5:95 ) was the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was at 215nm. Results The linear range of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were 4.231-42.31 μg/ml(r=0.999 7)、1.187-11.87 μg/ml(r=0.999 9), the average recovery were 98.9% (RSD=0.48%,n=6) and 98.1%(RSD=0.48%,n=6). Conclusion This method was accurate and good reproducibility, which could be used for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Maxing Kanggan Granules.
2018, 36(4): 358-361,368.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.016
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory chemical constituents from the stem of Ilex cornuta Lindl.et Paxt. Methods The 80% EtOH extract of the stem of Ilex cornuta was purified by macro-porous adsorption resin chromatography,positive and negative silica gel chromatography,and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. The structures of the purified compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported data. Inhibitory effect of LPS induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 on NO production was used to test the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 2-8 . Results Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were determined as α-amyrin ( 1 ),oleanolic acid ( 2 ),ursolic acid ( 3 ),lupeol ( 4 ),menisdaurin ( 5 ),lithospermoside ( 6 ),quercetin ( 7 ),rutin ( 8 ),baicalin ( 9 ),5,2'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetra-methoxy flavone ( 10 ). Conclusion Compounds 5, 6, 9 , and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 3 and 7 inhibited the NO production on LPS induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell.
Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory chemical constituents from the stem of Ilex cornuta Lindl.et Paxt. Methods The 80% EtOH extract of the stem of Ilex cornuta was purified by macro-porous adsorption resin chromatography,positive and negative silica gel chromatography,and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. The structures of the purified compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported data. Inhibitory effect of LPS induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 on NO production was used to test the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 2-8 . Results Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were determined as α-amyrin ( 1 ),oleanolic acid ( 2 ),ursolic acid ( 3 ),lupeol ( 4 ),menisdaurin ( 5 ),lithospermoside ( 6 ),quercetin ( 7 ),rutin ( 8 ),baicalin ( 9 ),5,2'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetra-methoxy flavone ( 10 ). Conclusion Compounds 5, 6, 9 , and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 3 and 7 inhibited the NO production on LPS induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell.
2018, 36(4): 362-364,384.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.017
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method of analysis for glycine and lysis hydrochloride in human coagulation factor Ⅷ by pre-column derivation HPLC. Methods The sample was derivatized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB). HPLC was performed on a C18 column with gradient elution. The mobile phase A was water, B was acetonitrile and C was 0.05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer containing 4 mmol/L trimethylamine. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength was 360nm. Result There was a linear range for glycine between 2.980 g/L~14.90 g/L (r=0.999 9) and lysis hydrochloride between 1.195 g/L~5.975 g/L (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate of glycine and lysis hydrochloride was 99.1% and 98.2%. Conclusion The established method is accurate and can be used to determine the contents of glycine and lysis hydrochloride in human coagulation factor Ⅷ.
Objective To establish a method of analysis for glycine and lysis hydrochloride in human coagulation factor Ⅷ by pre-column derivation HPLC. Methods The sample was derivatized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB). HPLC was performed on a C18 column with gradient elution. The mobile phase A was water, B was acetonitrile and C was 0.05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer containing 4 mmol/L trimethylamine. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength was 360nm. Result There was a linear range for glycine between 2.980 g/L~14.90 g/L (r=0.999 9) and lysis hydrochloride between 1.195 g/L~5.975 g/L (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate of glycine and lysis hydrochloride was 99.1% and 98.2%. Conclusion The established method is accurate and can be used to determine the contents of glycine and lysis hydrochloride in human coagulation factor Ⅷ.
Analysis and pharmaceutical care of the adverse reaction of cyclosporine induced by drug interaction
2018, 36(4): 365-368.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.018
Abstract:
Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in the clinical judgment and treatment of adverse drug reactions induced by drug interactions. Methods The correlation between cyclosporine and adverse effects of tremor in two hands were investigated by clinical pharmacists. The mechanism of the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs on cyclosporine blood concentration was analyzed. Finally, suggestions on adverse reactions to drug interactions were given to assist clinicians in dealing with adverse reactions. Results The causes of adverse reactions were found out in time by the clinical pharmacists from their professional expertise. The clinical pharmacists assisted the doctor to adjust the patient's regimen. The patient's condition would be improved. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could help doctors to ensure the safety of clinical medication through paying attention to adverse reactions.
Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in the clinical judgment and treatment of adverse drug reactions induced by drug interactions. Methods The correlation between cyclosporine and adverse effects of tremor in two hands were investigated by clinical pharmacists. The mechanism of the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs on cyclosporine blood concentration was analyzed. Finally, suggestions on adverse reactions to drug interactions were given to assist clinicians in dealing with adverse reactions. Results The causes of adverse reactions were found out in time by the clinical pharmacists from their professional expertise. The clinical pharmacists assisted the doctor to adjust the patient's regimen. The patient's condition would be improved. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could help doctors to ensure the safety of clinical medication through paying attention to adverse reactions.
2018, 36(4): 369-372.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.019
Abstract:
Objective To discuss the risk factors affecting the metabolism of valproic acid (VPA),improve the rational medication and reduce the rate of epilepsy recurrence. Methods Two hospitalized patients were analyzed after being administrated VPA for epilepsy prevention or treatment,with serum VPA levels less than 1 μg/ml. The relevant reasons in literature review in many aspects were collected by clinical pharmacists,such as drugs interaction,hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes activity and genetic polymorphism. Results The reduced serum VPA levels were primarily caused by combination of valproic acid and carbapenem. The co-administration of Phenobarbital and rifamycin sodium,as CYP inducers,promoted the metabolism of valproic acid. In addition,the two patients carried mutant allele of CYP2C19,with middle or low grade of VPA metabolism ability. These indicated the dominant role of the medication interaction and the enhanced CYP450 activity in leading to the reduced VPA serum levels. Conclusion Clinicians should closely monitor the serum VPA concentration and the recurrence of seizures when carbapenem and VPA combined.
Objective To discuss the risk factors affecting the metabolism of valproic acid (VPA),improve the rational medication and reduce the rate of epilepsy recurrence. Methods Two hospitalized patients were analyzed after being administrated VPA for epilepsy prevention or treatment,with serum VPA levels less than 1 μg/ml. The relevant reasons in literature review in many aspects were collected by clinical pharmacists,such as drugs interaction,hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes activity and genetic polymorphism. Results The reduced serum VPA levels were primarily caused by combination of valproic acid and carbapenem. The co-administration of Phenobarbital and rifamycin sodium,as CYP inducers,promoted the metabolism of valproic acid. In addition,the two patients carried mutant allele of CYP2C19,with middle or low grade of VPA metabolism ability. These indicated the dominant role of the medication interaction and the enhanced CYP450 activity in leading to the reduced VPA serum levels. Conclusion Clinicians should closely monitor the serum VPA concentration and the recurrence of seizures when carbapenem and VPA combined.
2018, 36(4): 373-378.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.020
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in treating post-stroke epilepsy. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, VIP, CNKI and CBM were used for searching literatures related to oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in the treatment of post-stroke epilepsy before August 2017, followed with RevMan5.3 software for data analysis. Results 6 studies were included with 517 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate in oxcarbazepine group was higher than carbamazepine group with statistical significance (RR=1.44,95%CI:1.29~1.60,P<0.000 01). The incidence of total adverse reactions in oxcarbazepine group was also statistically significant lower than carbamazepine group (RR=0.39,95%CI:0.26~0.57,P<0.000 01). There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in rash, dizziness, somnolence, nausea and vomiting between two groups. Conclusion Our analysis indicated that oxcarbazepine had better efficacy than carbamazepine in treating post-stroke epilepsy with less adverse reactions. Due to the limited number of literatures and sample size, large samples with multi-center and high quality clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the credibility of our conclusions.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in treating post-stroke epilepsy. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, VIP, CNKI and CBM were used for searching literatures related to oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in the treatment of post-stroke epilepsy before August 2017, followed with RevMan5.3 software for data analysis. Results 6 studies were included with 517 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate in oxcarbazepine group was higher than carbamazepine group with statistical significance (RR=1.44,95%CI:1.29~1.60,P<0.000 01). The incidence of total adverse reactions in oxcarbazepine group was also statistically significant lower than carbamazepine group (RR=0.39,95%CI:0.26~0.57,P<0.000 01). There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in rash, dizziness, somnolence, nausea and vomiting between two groups. Conclusion Our analysis indicated that oxcarbazepine had better efficacy than carbamazepine in treating post-stroke epilepsy with less adverse reactions. Due to the limited number of literatures and sample size, large samples with multi-center and high quality clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the credibility of our conclusions.
2018, 36(4): 379-384.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.04.021
Abstract:
Objective Systematic evaluation of effectiveness and safety of amphotericin B bladder irrigation in urinary tract fungal infection. Methods Cross-sectional or controlled studies of amphotericin B bladder irrigation in the treatment of urinary tract fungal infection were collected by the search of Pubmed, Embase, WEB OF SCIENCE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, ViP Database and SinoMed. Results 12 studies with 853 patients were included. Amphotericin B bladder irrigation had fungal clearance rate RR=0.81[0.75, 0.87] after 24 hours and 0.71[0.63, 0.79] after > 5 days. Clearance of candiduria in 24 hours with amphotericin B continuous irrigation was 0.83[0.75,0.91], while the intermittent bladder irrigation was 0.78[0.68,0.88]. Clearance of candiduria >5 days for those two groups was 0.74[0.65,0.84] and 0.60[0.44,0.76]. In the comparative studies with amphotericin B bladder irrigation vs fluconazole, clearance of candiduria in 24 hours and> 5 days was 1.27[1.07,1.50] and 0.92[0.78,1.10]. There was a report of hematuria with amphotericin B bladder irrigation. Conclusion Amphotericin B bladder irrigation showed similar efficacy in candiduria clearance as the systemic treatment with fluconazole. The continuous bladder irrigation with amphotericin B is more effective than intermittent irrigation. Due to the limited literatures available, the large scale double blinded clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy.
Objective Systematic evaluation of effectiveness and safety of amphotericin B bladder irrigation in urinary tract fungal infection. Methods Cross-sectional or controlled studies of amphotericin B bladder irrigation in the treatment of urinary tract fungal infection were collected by the search of Pubmed, Embase, WEB OF SCIENCE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, ViP Database and SinoMed. Results 12 studies with 853 patients were included. Amphotericin B bladder irrigation had fungal clearance rate RR=0.81[0.75, 0.87] after 24 hours and 0.71[0.63, 0.79] after > 5 days. Clearance of candiduria in 24 hours with amphotericin B continuous irrigation was 0.83[0.75,0.91], while the intermittent bladder irrigation was 0.78[0.68,0.88]. Clearance of candiduria >5 days for those two groups was 0.74[0.65,0.84] and 0.60[0.44,0.76]. In the comparative studies with amphotericin B bladder irrigation vs fluconazole, clearance of candiduria in 24 hours and> 5 days was 1.27[1.07,1.50] and 0.92[0.78,1.10]. There was a report of hematuria with amphotericin B bladder irrigation. Conclusion Amphotericin B bladder irrigation showed similar efficacy in candiduria clearance as the systemic treatment with fluconazole. The continuous bladder irrigation with amphotericin B is more effective than intermittent irrigation. Due to the limited literatures available, the large scale double blinded clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy.
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